Observational studyBMC geriatrics2018
The relative burden of community-acquired pneumonia hospitalizations in older adults: a retrospective observational study in the United States.
Observational study in BMC geriatrics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Costs of management of acute respiratory infections in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Pneumonia-associated death in patients with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Understanding the practices and perceptions of Chinese older adults towards vaccination in the context of COVID-19: A qualitative study in Anhui Province.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Trends in Hospitalization, Case Fatality, and Mortality for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Portugal over 20 Years.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Streamlining antibiotic use in community acquired pneumonia: A quality improvement initiative.Journal of hospital medicine · 2026Observational
- Article
- Health disparities in the burden of pneumococcal disease in US adults.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2026Review
- Pyroptosis endotypes and nonlinear biomarker-mortality relationships in older adults with community-acquired pneumonia: the amplifying role of malnutrition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Trends in mortality due to acute myocardial infarction and pneumonia among older adults in the U.S.: a CDC wonder analysis (1999-2023).Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Hospitalized Patients at a Single Tertiary Center in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Comparison of length of stay in community-acquired pneumonia patients who fit protocol for pharmacy driven de-escalation of ceftriaxone to standard of care.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2025Article
- Community-acquired pneumonia mortality trends according to age and gender: 2009 to 2019.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- A retrospective analysis of mental well-being, nutritional status, and comorbidity burden in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Societal Cost of Racial Pneumococcal Disease Disparities in US Adults Aged 50 Years or Older.Applied health economics and health policy · 2024Article
- Disease burden and high-risk populations for complications in patients with acute respiratory infections: a scoping review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The independent predictive value of admission serum ferritin concentration for prognosis in elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia in the emergency department.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Predictors of Length of Stay, Rehospitalization and Mortality in Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Community-acquired Pneumonia among Elderly Patients Admitted to the Department of Medicine in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) increases with age and significantly impacts morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. The burden of illness and cost of preventing CAP has not been compared to other serious diseases.
methodsThis retrospective analysis used claims data from 2014 to 2015 and compared hospitalizations for CAP, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and osteoporotic fractures (OF) in adults aged ≥65 years enrolled in a Medicare Advantage insurance plan. Individuals who had not already been hospitalized for one of these conditions and did not have evidence of long-term care were included in the study. Hospitalizations for each condition were described by length of stay, readmissions, mortality, and total costs. Preventive measures included vaccinations for CAP and medications for MI, stroke, and OF.
resultsA total of 1,949,352 individuals were included in the cohort. In 2015, the rate of CAP-related hospitalizations was the highest at 846.7 per 100,000 person-years compared to 405 for MI, 278.9 for stroke, and 343.9 for OF. Vaccination costs for CAP were $40.2 million including $14.1 million for pneumococcal and $26.1 million for influenza vaccines. The cost of preventive medications for MI and stroke reached over $661 million and OF totaled $169 million.
conclusionsAlthough CAP has a higher burden of hospitalization and total costs than MI, stroke, and OF in the elderly population, prevention efforts were disproportionately smaller for CAP. Prioritization of CAP prevention is needed to substantially reduce the burden of CAP.
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