ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2018
Bi-directional Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Immune Markers with Stage of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and risk of progression of preclinical Alzheimer's disease stages: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2019Pooled it
- No apparent effect of naproxen on CSF markers of innate immune activation.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2019Trial
- Tracing neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration: insights from a scoping review on biofluid biomarkers.Brain communications · 2026Review
- Novel synaptic markers predict early tau pathology and cognitive deficit in an asymptomatic population at risk of Alzheimer's disease.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Analysis and interpretation of inflammatory fluid markers in Alzheimer's disease: a roadmap for standardization.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- The Interplay Between Accumulation of Amyloid-Beta and Tau Proteins, PANoptosis, and Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease.Neuromolecular medicine · 2024Review
- Impact of Mast Cell Activation on Neurodegeneration: A Potential Role for Gut-Brain Axis andNeurology international · 2024Review
- Osteopontin: A novel marker of pre-symptomatic sporadic Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Article
- Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 in at-risk adults and autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer brains.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Astrogliosis, neuritic microstructure, and sex effects: GFAP is an indicator of neuritic orientation in women.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- Astrocytes as Neuroimmunocytes in Alzheimer's Disease: A Biochemical Tool in the Neuron-Glia Crosstalk along the Pathogenetic Pathways.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Charting the Next Road Map for CSF Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2023Review
- Partial Least Squares Regression Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers, Modifiable Health Variables, and Cognitive Change in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Article
- The Immune System as a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- P-tau subgroups in AD relate to distinct amyloid production and synaptic integrity profiles.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2022Article
- Using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative to improve early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Review
- Knowledge gaps in Alzheimer's disease immune biomarker research.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2021Review
- Peripheral and central immune system crosstalk in Alzheimer disease - a research prospectus.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2021Review
- Alzheimer's Disease: From Pathogenesis to Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy - Bridging the Missing Link.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Immune mechanisms may be important in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, studies comparing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma immune marker levels of healthy and demented individuals have yielded conflicting results. We analyzed CSF from 101 members of the parental history-positive PREVENT-AD cohort of healthy aging adults, and 237 participants without dementia from the initial cohort of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI-1). Following recent practice, we used the biomarkers total-tau and amyloid-β1-42 to allocate participants from each study into four stages of AD pathogenesis: Stage 0 (no abnormality), Stage 1 (reduced amyloid-β1-42), Stage 2 (reduced amyloid-β1-42 and increased total-tau), or "Suspected Non-Alzheimer Pathology" (elevated total-tau only). Investigating the PREVENT-AD participants' CSF assay results for 19 immune/inflammatory markers, we found six that showed a distinct bi-directional relationship with pathogenetic stage. Relative to Stage 0, these were diminished at Stage 1 but strongly increased at Stage 2. Among the ADNI participants (90 healthy controls and 147 with mild cognitive impairment), we found that 23 of 83 available CSF markers also showed this distinct pattern. These results support recent observations that immune activation may become apparent only after the onset of both amyloid and tau pathologies. Unexpectedly, they also suggest that immune marker activity may diminish along with earliest appearance of amyloid-β plaque pathology. These findings may explain discordant results from past studies, and suggest the importance of characterizing the extent of AD pathology when comparing clinical groups.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.