ArticleBone2018
Coffee and tea drinking in relation to risk of hip fracture in the Singapore Chinese Health Study.
Article in Bone, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tea consumption and bone health in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Pooled it
- Tea consumption and risk of bone health: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- Association of Coffee and Tea Intake with Bone Mineral Density and Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- The association of coffee consumption with the risk of osteoporosis and fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2022Pooled it
- The Association between Tea Consumption and the Risk of Fracture: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2021Pooled it
- Tea consumption and risk of fractures: an updated meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Pooled it
- Caffeine consumption as a potential risk factor of osteoporosis development among night shift workers: epidemiological evidences and hypothesis.International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health · 2025Review
- Knowledge, Awareness and Perception towards Osteoporosis Risk in China: A Systematic Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- Soft drinks, tea and coffee consumption in relation to risk of fracture: evidence from china health and nutrition survey.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2023Article
- High Consumption of Soft Drinks Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Fracture: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Constitutions of Deficiency and Stasis of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Related Factors among Middle-Aged Women in Taiwan.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2020Article
- Effects of Caffeine on Egg Quality and Performance of Laying Hens.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Habitual Tea Consumption and Risk of Fracture in 0.5 Million Chinese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Meta-analyses of studies conducted among Western populations suggest that coffee consumption does not affect osteoporotic fracture risk. However, experimental studies have shown that the effect of caffeine on bone health may depend on dosage. We examined the associations between consumption of coffee, tea and caffeine and risk of hip fracture in an Asian cohort. In a population-based prospective cohort of 63,257 Chinese men and women aged 45-74 years in Singapore, a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess habitual consumption of coffee and tea at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for risk of hip fracture with adjustment for potential confounders. During a mean follow-up of 16.7 years, 2502 incident hip fracture cases were identified. Compared to coffee drinkers <1 cup/week, those who drank ≥4 cups/day had a statistically significant higher risk to develop hip fractures, the HR (95% CI) was 1.32 (1.07, 1.63) in the whole cohort analysis, 1.46 (1.01, 2.10) for men and 1.33 (1.02, 1.72) for women. Among postmenopausal women, compared to those who drank coffee <1 cup/week, drinking 2-3 cups/day was associated with the lowest risk [HR: 0.88 (0.76, 1.01)] and drinking ≥4 cups/day was associated with the highest risk [HR: 1.31 (1.00, 1.71)]. Similar associations with caffeine intake were found among postmenopausal women. Restricted spline analyses suggested a non-linear association between coffee/caffeine consumption and hip fracture risk in postmenopausal women (p for non-linearity ≤ 0.05). No association was found with tea consumption in either sex. These data suggest that drinking coffee ≥4 cups/day is associated with a higher hip fracture risk, while a moderate intake may alleviate risk in postmenopausal women. Future studies should corroborate these results to determine levels of optimal coffee consumption in relation to bone health.
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