ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2018
Profiling extracellular vesicle release by the filarial nematode Brugia malayi reveals sex-specific differences in cargo and a sensitivity to ivermectin.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lack of detectable short-term effects of a single dose of ivermectin on the human immune system.Parasites & vectors · 2021Trial
- Deep phenotypic profiling uncovers cryptic effects of antifilarial drugs.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Current issues in heartworm chemotherapy.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Deep phenotypic profiling uncovers cryptic effects of antifilarial drugs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Resolving tissue and cellular functions of parasitic nematodes.Trends in parasitology · 2025Review
- Review
- Extracellular vesicles from fifth-stage larvalmSystems · 2025Article
- Article
- Exploring the exoproteome of the parasitic nematodeFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Protein profile of extracellular vesicles derived from adult Parascaris spp.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs)' journey in recipient cells: from recognition to cargo release.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2024Review
- Potential of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy for parasitic diseases.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Review
- AdvancingPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Proteomic differences between extracellular vesicles and extracellular vesicle-depleted excretory/secretory products of barber's pole worm.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Article
- Overview of extracellular vesicles in pathogens with special focus on human extracellular protozoan parasites.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2024Review
- A Comparative Analysis of the Protein Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles from Helminth Parasites.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Guidelines for the purification and characterization of extracellular vesicles of parasites.Journal of extracellular biology · 2023Article
- The proteome of extracellular vesicles of the lung fluke Paragonimus kellicotti produced in vitro and in the lung cyst.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Characterization of protein cargo of Echinococcus granulosus extracellular vesicles in drug response and its influence on immune response.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The filarial nematode Brugia malayi is an etiological agent of Lymphatic Filariasis. The capability of B. malayi and other parasitic nematodes to modulate host biology is recognized but the mechanisms by which such manipulation occurs are obscure. An emerging paradigm is the release of parasite-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) containing bioactive proteins and small RNA species that allow secretion of parasite effector molecules and their potential trafficking to host tissues. We have previously described EV release from the infectious L3 stage B. malayi and here we profile vesicle release across all intra-mammalian life cycle stages (microfilariae, L3, L4, adult male and female worms). Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis was used to quantify and size EVs revealing discrete vesicle populations and indicating a secretory process that is conserved across the life cycle. Brugia EVs are internalized by murine macrophages with no preference for life stage suggesting a uniform mechanism for effector molecule trafficking. Further, the use of chemical uptake inhibitors suggests all life stage EVs are internalized by phagocytosis. Proteomic profiling of adult male and female EVs using nano-scale LC-MS/MS described quantitative and qualitative differences in the adult EV proteome, helping define the biogenesis of Brugia EVs and revealing sexual dimorphic characteristics in immunomodulatory cargo. Finally, ivermectin was found to rapidly inhibit EV release by all Brugia life stages. Further this drug effect was also observed in the related filarial nematode, the canine heartworm Dirofilaria immitis but not in an ivermectin-unresponsive field isolate of that parasite, highlighting a potential mechanism of action for this drug and suggesting new screening platforms for anti-filarial drug development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.