ArticleRoyal Society open science2018
Non-invasive paper-based microfluidic device for ultra-low detection of urea through enzyme catalysis.
Article in Royal Society open science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disposable Paper-Based Biosensors for the Point-of-Care Detection of Hazardous Contaminations-A Review.Biosensors · 2021Review
- Paper-Based Screen-Printed Electrodes: A New Generation of Low-Cost Electroanalytical Platforms.Biosensors · 2021Review
- An immunoassay cassette with a handheld reader for HIV urine testing in point-of-care diagnostics.Biomedical microdevices · 2020Article
- Fabrication, Flow Control, and Applications of Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Devices.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- MOMSense: Metal-Oxide-Metal Elementary Glucose Sensor.Scientific reports · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This work describes the design, fabrication and characterization of a paper-based microfluidic device for ultra-low detection of urea through enzyme catalysis. The microfluidic system comprises an entry port, a fluidic channel, a reaction zone and two electrodes (contacts). Wax printing was used to create fluidic channels on the surface of a chromatography paper. Pre-conceptualized designs of the fluidic channel are wax-printed on the paper substrate while the electrodes are screen-printed. The paper printed with wax is heated to cause the wax reflow along the thickness of the paper that selectively creates hydrophilic and hydrophobic zones inside the paper. Urease immobilized in the reaction zone catalyses urea into releasing ions and, thereby, generating a current flow between the electrodes. A measure of current with respect to time at a fixed potential enables the detection of urea. The methodology enabled urea concentration down to 1 pM to be detected. The significance of this work lies in the use of simple and inexpensive paper-based substrates to achieve detection of ultra-low concentrations of analytes such as urea. The process is non-invasive and employs a less cumbersome two-electrode assembly.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.