Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29656872›Full record

ArticleNeuron2018

The Medial Prefrontal Cortex Shapes Dopamine Reward Prediction Errors under State Uncertainty.

Clara Kwon Starkweather, Samuel J Gershman, Naoshige Uchida

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuron, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Learning to select computations in recurrent neural circuits.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  6. Article
  7. Review
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  10. Habenula-ventral tegmental area functional coupling and risk aversion in humans.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Striatal Gradient in Value-Decay Explains Regional Differences in Dopamine Patterns and Reinforcement Learning Computations.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Clara Kwon StarkweatherCenter for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Samuel J GershmanCenter for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Electronic address: gershman@fas.harvard.edu.
Naoshige UchidaCenter for Brain Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Electronic address: uchida@mcb.harvard.edu.

Funding

Medical Scientist Training ProgramT32GM007753 · NIGMS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI WALENSKY, LOREN DAVID · 1985 to 2021
$50.0M
PHD TRAINING IN NEUROSCIENCET32MH020017 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCHOOL) · PI JOHN ASSAD · 1997 to 2026
$15.8M
Neural circuits that regulate dopamine neuron activityR01MH095953 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI UCHIDA, NAOSHIGE · 2012 to 2016
$2.1M
Experimental examinations of the mechanisms that generate the responses of midbraR01MH101207 · NIMH · HARVARD UNIVERSITY · PI UCHIDA, NAOSHIGE · 2013 to 2017
$2.1M
CRCNS: Representational foundations of adaptive behavior in natural and artificial R01MH109177 · NIMH · PRINCETON UNIVERSITY · PI DAW, NATHANIEL DOUGLASS · 2015 to 2017
$1.2M
Hidden State Inference in the Midbrain Dopamine SystemF30MH112242 · NIMH · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI STARKWEATHER, CLARA KWON · 2017 to 2018
$82k
NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007753NIMH NIH HHS F30 MH112242NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH095953NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH101207NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH109177NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH020017
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Animals make predictions based on currently available information. In natural settings, sensory cues may not reveal complete information, requiring the animal to infer the "hidden state" of the environment. The brain structures important in hidden state inference remain unknown. A previous study showed that midbrain dopamine neurons exhibit distinct response patterns depending on whether reward is delivered in 100% (task 1) or 90% of trials (task 2) in a classical conditioning task. Here we found that inactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) affected dopaminergic signaling in task 2, in which the hidden state must be inferred ("will reward come or not?"), but not in task 1, where the state was known with certainty. Computational modeling suggests that the effects of inactivation are best explained by a circuit in which the mPFC conveys inference over hidden states to the dopamine system. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Indexed as

RewardUncertaintyAction PotentialsAnimalsDopamineForecastingMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, TransgenicNerve NetOdorantsPrefrontal CortexDopaminedopaminehidden state inferenceKORmedial prefrontal cortexreinforcement learningreward prediction errorstemporal difference learning

Identifiers

PMID29656872
PMCPMC5934341

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.