ArticleAnnals of epidemiology2018
The association between hardship and self-rated health: does the choice of indicator matter?
Article in Annals of epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Financial strain measures and associations with adult health: A systematic literature review.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Beyond income: financial hardship as a pathway from socioeconomic disadvantage to depression among middle and older cancer survivors.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2026Article
- Nonrestorative Sleep and Poor Self-Reported Physical and Mental Health among Middle-Aged Japanese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.JMA journal · 2026Article
- Predictors of Patient-Reported Financial Hardship in Patients Hospitalized With Critical Illness and Its Association With Patient Outcomes.CHEST critical care · 2026Article
- Stress across the lifecourse and adult mental and physical health outcomes.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Article
- The association between material hardship and physical and mental health among older adults: Multi-channel sequence Approach.PloS one · 2025Article
- Determinants of polydoctoring among multimorbid older adults; a cross-sectional study in an urban area of Japan.Journal of general and family medicine · 2024Article
- Cumulative Stress Across the Life Course and Biological Aging in Adulthood.Psychosomatic medicine · 2024Article
- Do financial hardships affect health? A study among older adults in Switzerland.European journal of public health · 2024Article
- Screening for Financial Hardship: Comparing Patient Survey Responses Using Two Different Screening Tools.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Article
- Self-rated health and sociodemographic inequalities among Venezuelan adults: a study based on the National Survey of Living Conditions (ENCOVI 2021).Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Article
- Racial differences in Financial Hardship and depressive symptoms among older adults.Community mental health journal · 2022Article
- Article
- Content Validity of a Scale Designed to Measure the Access of Older Adults to Outpatient Health Services.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Modeling the impact of financial hardship and age on self-rated health and depressive symptoms pre/post the great recession.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Housing status, mortgage debt and financial burden as barriers to health among older adults in the U.S.Housing and society · 2022Article
- Cumulative financial stress as a potential risk factor for cancer-related fatigue among prostate cancer survivors.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2021Article
- Beyond the social gradient: the role of lifelong socioeconomic status in older adults' health trajectories.Aging · 2020Article
- Subjective Social Status and Financial Hardship: Associations of Alternative Indicators of Socioeconomic Status with Problem Drinking in Asian Americans and Latinos.Substance use & misuse · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association between four specific forms of hardship (difficulty paying bills, ongoing financial stress, medication reduction due to cost, and food insecurity) and self-rated health among older men and women.
methodsCross-sectional logistic regression analysis was conducted using the 2010 wave of the Health and Retirement Study Leave-Behind Questionnaire (N = 7619) to determine the association between four hardship indicators and self-rated health. Hardship indicators (difficulty paying bills, ongoing financial stress, medication reduction due to cost, and food insecurity) were dichotomized (0 = no hardship, 1 = yes hardship) for this analysis.
resultsAfter adjusting for sociodemographic factors, participants reporting difficulty paying bills had an 1.8 higher odds of reporting poor self-rated health (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.57, 2.15) and those reporting taking less medication due to cost had a 2.5 times higher odds of poor self-rated health (95% CI: 1.97, 3.09) compared to those not reporting these hardships. When stratified by gender, and adjusting for sociodemographic factors, men who took less medication due to cost had a 1.93 higher odds of low self-rated health (95% CI: 1.39, 2.67) and women who took less medications due to cost had a 2.9 higher odds of reporting poor self-rated health (95% CI: 2.23, 2.70) compared to women not reporting these hardships.
conclusionsResearch in this area can provide greater conceptual and measurement clarity on the hardship experience and further elucidate the pathway between specific hardships and poor health outcomes to inform intervention development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.