ArticleActa ophthalmologica2018
The prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction, tear film and ocular surface parameters in an Austrian dry eye clinic population.
Article in Acta ophthalmologica, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06220474 (Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Non-Invasive Radiofrequency Treatment in Patients With Refractory Meibomian Gland Dysfunction), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Non-Invasive Radiofrequency Treatment in Patients With Refractory Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of asymptomatic meibomian gland dysfunction in the general adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Intense pulsed light for meibomian gland dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical results of Intraductal Meibomian gland probing combined with intense pulsed light in treating patients with refractory obstructive Meibomian gland dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial.BMC ophthalmology · 2019Trial
- Characteristics of Patients with Refractory Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Unresponsive to Intense Pulsed Light Treatment Using a Vascular Filter.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pinggan Yuyin Qingre formula ameliorates meibomian gland dysfunction through the interleukin-17/nuclear factor kappa B pathway based on network pharmacology and experimental validation.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2026Article
- Article
- The Link between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Dry Eye Disease: Pathophysiology and Current Updates.Ophthalmic research · 2026Review
- Evaluating the efficacy and feasibility of manual digital meibomian gland compression in meibomian gland dysfunction.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Network meta-analysis of different modalities of intense pulsed light therapy in the treatment of dry eye disease induced by meibomian gland dysfunction.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Differentiating Between Perfluorohexyloctane Ophthalmic Solution and Water-Free Cyclosporine Ophthalmic Solution 0.1% for Dry Eye Disease: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Characteristics.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- Phospholipid Nanoemulsion-Based Ocular Lubricant for the Treatment of Dry Eye Subtypes: A Multicenter and Prospective Study.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- Impact of TearCare on Reading Speed in Patients with Dry Eye Disease.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Perfluorohexyloctane Eyedrops in Habitual Contact Lens Wearers.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- The ILuxInternational journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Exploring Signs and Symptoms Associated with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction for Use as Clinical Trial Endpoints.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2023Observational
- Recent advances in age-related meibomian gland dysfunction (ARMGD).The ocular surface · 2023Review
- Dry Eye Disease Associated with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Focus on Tear Film Characteristics and the Therapeutic Landscape.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Review
- Differential characteristics among asymptomatic and symptomatic meibomian gland dysfunction and those with dry eye.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Should we reconsider first-line treatments for glaucoma in the setting of meibomian gland dysfunction and ocular surface disease: Glaucoma treatments and its effects.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Outcomes of serial sessions of Activa mask combined with intense pulsed light therapy in patients with Meibomian gland dysfunction.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and its association with tear film and ocular surface parameters in an Austrian clinical population of dry eye patients.
methodsThe records of 1372 consecutive patients from a dry eye unit were analysed retrospectively. Symptoms and objective tear film and ocular surface parameters were evaluated. Patients were classified into pure MGD, pure aqueous tear deficiency (ATD), MGD combined with ATD, pure anterior blepharitis (AB), Sjogren's syndrome (SS) without MGD and SS together with MGD.
resultsNine-hundred and sixty-five patients, that is 70.3% of the investigated population, mean age 55.4 ± 16.6 years, had signs of MGD. Of these, 684 (70.9%) were female. The intensity of symptoms did not differ between subgroups. Four hundred and ninety (50.8%) MGD patients had Schirmer test values ≤10 mm/5 min. The fluorescein break-up time and Schirmer test values were significantly higher in the pure AB and MGD group. The pure MGD group showed a significantly lower fluorescein staining of the cornea compared to the other groups, except for pure AB. Lissamine green staining of the ocular surface was present in all groups, but was at least pronounced in the pure MGD and AB group.
conclusionMeibomian gland dysfunction is a major cause of ocular discomfort and could often be found in combination with a reduced aqueous tear secretion. Although the intensity of subjective complaints was similar to all other subgroups, pure MGD exhibited the lowest severity of signs of ocular surface damage and also affected younger people.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.