Trial reportTobacco control2019
Cigarette pack messages about toxic chemicals: a randomised clinical trial.
Trial report in Tobacco control, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Impact of Cigarette Pack Constituent Disclosures
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Impact of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Health Warnings on Purchases
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effectiveness of graphic health warnings on tobacco products: a systematic review on perceived harm and quit intentions.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Little Cigar and Cigarillo Graphic Health Warnings and Quitting Behaviors: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Impact of pictorial health warning labels on smoking beliefs and perceptions among waterpipe smokers: an online randomised cross-over experimental study.Tobacco control · 2023Trial
- How pictorial warnings change parents' purchases of sugar-sweetened beverage for their children: mechanisms of impact.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2023Trial
- The Impact of The Real Cost Vaping and Smoking Ads across Tobacco Products.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- Should messages discourage sugary drinks, encourage water, or both? A randomized experiment with U.S. parents.Preventive medicine · 2023Trial
- Designing Effective Alcohol Warnings: Consumer Reactions to Icons and Health Topics.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Trial
- Identifying Promising Themes for Adolescent Vaping Warnings: A National Experiment.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Designing warnings for sugary drinks: A randomized experiment with Latino parents and non-Latino parents.Preventive medicine · 2021Trial
- Effect of Cigarette Constituent Messages With Engagement Text on Intention to Quit Smoking Among Adults Who Smoke Cigarettes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2021Trial
- Can the Public Be Educated About Constituents in Smokeless Tobacco? A Three-Wave Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Trial
- How should sugar-sweetened beverage health warnings be designed? A randomized experiment.Preventive medicine · 2019Trial
- Why smokers avoid cigarette pack risk messages: Two randomized clinical trials in the United States.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Trial
- Quitting on TikTok: Effects of Message Themes, Frames, and Sources on Engagement with Vaping Cessation Videos.Journal of health communication · 2024Article
- Expanding the analysis of mechanisms of action in behavioral interventions: cognitive change versus cognitive activation.Psychology & health · 2023Article
- Impact of Health, Environmental, and Animal Welfare Messages Discouraging Red Meat Consumption: An Online Randomized Experiment.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2023Article
- The impact of cigarette pack anti-littering messages.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- The impacts of including information about the number of carcinogens in smoke on standardized cigarette packs in the UK.European journal of public health · 2021Article
- Examining the effect of waterpipe specific pictorial health warning labels among young adults in Lebanon and Tunisia: Protocol of a factorial experiment study design.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2021Article
- Message perceptions and effects perceptions as proxies for behavioral impact in the context of anti-smoking messages.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe USA can require tobacco companies to disclose information about harmful and potentially harmful chemicals in cigarette smoke, but the impact of these messages is uncertain. We sought to assess the effect of placing messages about toxic chemicals on smokers' cigarette packs.
methodsParticipants were 719 adult cigarette smokers from California, USA, recruited from September 2016 through March 2017. We randomly assigned smokers to receive either factual messages about chemicals in cigarette smoke and their health harms (intervention) or messages about not littering cigarette butts (control) on the side of their cigarette packs for 3 weeks. The primary trial outcome was intention to quit smoking.
resultsIn intent-to-treat analyses, smokers whose packs had chemical messages did not have higher intentions to quit smoking at the end of the trial than those whose packs had control messages (P=0.56). Compared with control messages, chemical messages led to higher awareness of the chemicals (28% vs 15%, P<0.001) and health harms (60% vs 52%, P=0.02) featured in the messages. In addition, chemical messages led to greater negative affect, thinking about the chemicals in cigarettes and the harms of smoking, conversations about the messages and forgoing a cigarette (all P<0.05). DISCUSSION: Chemical messages on cigarette packs did not lead to higher intentions to quit among smokers in our trial. However, chemical messages informed smokers of chemicals in cigarettes and harms of smoking, which directly supports their implementation and would be critical to defending the messages against cigarette company legal challenges. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02785484.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.