ArticleBMJ open2018
Associations between blood cadmium levels and cognitive function in a cross-sectional study of US adults aged 60 years or older.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Environmental Cadmium Exposure Exacerbates Alzheimer's-like Pathology in a Gut Microbiota-Involved Manner.Toxics · 2026Article
- Understanding the contribution of toxicant exposures to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.Current opinion in neurobiology · 2026Review
- Cadmium Exposure and Incidence of All-Cause Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease in US Adults.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Epidemiological Evidence on the Associations of Metal Exposure with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Among Elderly Women.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Association between relative fat mass and cognitive function among US older men: NHANES 2011-2014.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- The Epidemiological and Toxicological Intersection of Air Pollution and Dementia.Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology · 2025Review
- Cadmium toxicity, health risk and its remediation using low-cost biochar adsorbents.Open life sciences · 2025Review
- Associations between Metals, Serum Folate, and Cognitive Function in the Elderly: Mixture and Mediation Analyses.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- The association between preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) and cognitive function among American older adults: the mediating role of systolic blood pressure.BMC geriatrics · 2024Article
- Very high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol may be associated with higher risk of cognitive impairment in older adults.Nutrition journal · 2024Article
- Cadmium inhibits calcium activity in hippocampal CA1 neurons of freely moving mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of Cadmium Neurotoxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- To promote healthy aging, focus on the environment.Nature aging · 2023Review
- ApoE gene polymorphisms and metals and their interactions with cognitive function.BMC medical genomics · 2023Article
- Inducible and Conditional Activation of Adult Neurogenesis Rescues Cadmium-Induced Hippocampus-Dependent Memory Deficits in ApoE4-KI Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Metals in Alzheimer's Disease.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Estimation of health risks associated with dietary cadmium exposure.Archives of toxicology · 2023Review
- Inflammation, metabolic dysregulation and environmental neurotoxins and risk of cognitive decline and impairment in midlife.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Article
- Environmental exposure of the general population to cadmium as a risk factor of the damage to the nervous system: A critical review of current data.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe relationship between cadmium exposure and cognition has been well studied in children. However, the association between environmental cadmium exposure and cognitive function has not been researched extensively in older adults. Our goal was to evaluate the association between cognitive function and blood cadmium levels in US adults aged 60 years or older.
designA cross-sectional study.
settingThe US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
participantsA total of 2068 adults aged 60 years or older who completed four cognitive assessment tests and blood cadmium detection in two waves of NHANES (2011-2014).
main outcome measuresCognitive assessment was conducted by household interview or at a Mobile Examination Center (MEC) using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) Word List Learning Test, the CERAD Word List Recall Test, the Animal Fluency Test and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). We created a composite cognitive z-score to represent global cognitive function.
resultsThe median blood cadmium concentration in the study participants was 0.35 µg/L, and the IQR was 0.24-0.56 µg/L. In linear regression analyses, adjusting for demographics, behaviour and medical history, blood cadmium as a continuous variable was inversely associated with the composite z-score (μg/L, β=-0.11, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.03). Similarly, there was a significant association between quartiles of blood cadmium and composite z-score, with somewhat lower scores in the upper quartile of exposure (blood cadmium ≥0.63 µg/L) compared with those in the lower quartile of exposure (blood cadmium <0.25 µg/L) (μg/L, β=-0.14, 95% CI -0.25 to -0.03), and there was a trend by quartiles of blood cadmium (P<0.0001).
conclusionsOur findings suggest that increased blood cadmium is associated with worse cognitive function in adults aged 60 years or older in the USA.
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