Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29654026›Full record

Observational studyBMJ open2018

Cost of hospitalised patients due to complicated urinary tract infections: a retrospective observational study in countries with high prevalence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria: the COMBACTE-MAGNET, RESCUING study.

Laura Vallejo-Torres, Miquel Pujol, Evelyn Shaw, Irith Wiegand, Joan Miquel Vigo, Margaret Stoddart, Sally Grier, Julie Gibbs, Christiane Vank, Nienke Cuperus and 10 more

Open access · goldAbstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
5.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Assessing the economic burden of complicated urinary tract infection: A systematic literature review.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Trial
  6. Observational
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.

Laura Vallejo-TorresUCL Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5833-6066
Miquel PujolInfectious diseases Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
Evelyn ShawInfectious diseases Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
Irith WiegandAiCuris Anti-infective Cures GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany.
Joan Miquel VigoInformatics Unit, Fundació Institut Català de Farmacologia, Barcelona, Spain.
Margaret StoddartDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
Sally GrierDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
Julie GibbsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
Christiane VankAiCuris Anti-infective Cures GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany.
Nienke CuperusJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Leo van den HeuvelJulius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Noa Eliakim-RazDepartment of Medicine E, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
Jordi CarratalaInfectious diseases Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.
Cuong VuongAiCuris Anti-infective Cures GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany.
Alasdair MacGowanDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
Tanya BabichDepartment of Medicine E, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
Leonard LeiboviciDepartment of Medicine E, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel.
Ibironke AddyAiCuris Anti-infective Cures GmbH, Wuppertal, Germany.
Stephen MorrisUCL Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK.
RESCUING Study Group and Study Sites
AiCuris (Germany) · DENorth Bristol NHS Trust · GBInstituto de Salud Carlos III · ESTel Aviv University · ILUniversity Medical Center Utrecht · NLSociedad Española de Farmacología Clínica · ESUniversidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria · ESUniversity College London · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveComplicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) impose a high burden on healthcare systems and are a frequent cause of hospitalisation. The aims of this paper are to estimate the cost per episode of patients hospitalised due to cUTI and to explore the factors associated with cUTI-related healthcare costs in eight countries with high prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR).

designThis is a multinational observational, retrospective study. The mean cost per episode was computed by multiplying the volume of healthcare use for each patient by the unit cost of each item of care and summing across all components. Costs were measured from the hospital perspective. Patient-level regression analyses were used to identify the factors explaining variation in cUTI-related costs.

settingThe study was conducted in 20 hospitals in eight countries with high prevalence of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Romania, Spain and Turkey).

participantsData were obtained from 644 episodes of patients hospitalised due to cUTI.

resultsThe mean cost per case was €5700, with considerable variation between countries (largest value €7740 in Turkey; lowest value €4028 in Israel), mainly due to differences in length of hospital stay. Factors associated with higher costs per patient were: type of admission, infection source, infection severity, the Charlson comorbidity index and presence of MDR.

conclusionsThe mean cost per hospitalised case of cUTI was substantial and varied significantly between countries. A better knowledge of the reasons for variations in length of stays could facilitate a better standardised quality of care for patients with cUTI and allow a more efficient allocation of healthcare resources. Urgent admissions, infections due to an indwelling urinary catheterisation, resulting in septic shock or severe sepsis, in patients with comorbidities and presenting MDR were related to a higher cost.

Indexed as

Drug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialAgedAged, 80 and overAnti-Bacterial AgentsBulgariaFemaleGram-Negative BacteriaGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsGreeceHealth Care CostsHospitalizationHumansHungaryIsraelItalyMagnetsAnti-Bacterial Agentscost of illnesshealth economicsurinary tract infections

Identifiers

PMID29654026
PMCPMC5898316
OpenAlexW2804010957

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.