ArticleJournal of health services research & policy2018
How embedded is public involvement in mainstream health research in England a decade after policy implementation? A realist evaluation.
Article in Journal of health services research & policy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed.
- Embedding patient and public involvement in dementia research: Reflections from experiences during the 'Journeying through Dementia' randomised controlled trial.Dementia (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Review
- "If the funders said to me that I have to dress in orange, I would dress in orange": findings from qualitative interviews on researchers' experiences of public involvement.Research involvement and engagement · 2026Article
- Exploring staff and students' understanding and experience of Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) in an Irish University.Research involvement and engagement · 2026Article
- The 'Public' in Public Involvement: A Call to Centre Frontline Staff Voices in Health Workforce Research.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Patient and public involvement (PPI) reporting in maternal and neonatal clinical trials: an exploratory review.Trials · 2026Review
- Data Sources and Analytic Approaches Used to Evaluate the Impact of Patient and Public Involvement in Child Health Research: Simple Random Survey of Individual Studies in Published Reviews.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Review
- Experience, Process, and Impact of Involving Informal Caregivers of People With Dementia as Public Contributors to Inform the Development of a Complex Intervention: A Mixed-Methods Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Developing a role for patients and the public in the implementation of health and social care research evidence into practice: the PIPER study (Pathways to Implementation for Public Engagement in Research) realist evaluation protocol.Research involvement and engagement · 2025Review
- Involving stakeholders with lived and professional experience in a realist review of community mental health crisis services: a commentary.Research involvement and engagement · 2024Article
- Training and peer-group coaching for pairs of researchers and patient representatives to support continuous two-way learning.Research involvement and engagement · 2024Article
- Article
- Patient and public involvement in preclinical and medical research: Evaluation of an established programme in a Discovery-Based Medical Research Institute.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024Article
- Embedding formal and experiential public and patient involvement training in a structured PhD programme: process and impact evaluation.Research involvement and engagement · 2023Article
- Democratic Justifications for Patient Public Involvement and Engagement in Health Research: An Exploration of the Theoretical Debates and Practical Challenges.The Journal of medicine and philosophy · 2023Article
- 'What is the risk to me from COVID-19?': Public involvement in providing mortality risk information for people with 'high-risk' conditions for COVID-19 (OurRisk.CoV).Clinical medicine (London, England) · 2021Article
- Article
- Combining Realist approaches and Normalization Process Theory to understand implementation: a systematic review.Implementation science communications · 2021Review
- Public Engagement and Neurology: An Update.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- A multi-stakeholder approach to the co-production of the research agenda for medicines optimisation.BMC health services research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Objectives To explore how embedded patient and public involvement is within mainstream health research following two decades of policy-driven work to underpin health research with patient and public involvement in England. Methods Realist evaluation using Normalization Process Theory as a programme theory to understand what enabled patient and public involvement to be embedded as normal practice. Data were collected through a national scoping and survey, and qualitative methods to track patient and public involvement processes and impact over time within 22 nationally funded research projects. Results In research studies that were able to create reciprocal working relationships and to embed patient and public involvement this was contingent on: the purpose of patient and public involvement being clear; public contributors reflecting research end-beneficiaries; researchers understanding the value of patient and public involvement; patient and public involvement opportunities being provided throughout the research and ongoing evaluation of patient and public involvement. Key contested areas included: whether to measure patient and public involvement impact; seeking public contributors to maintain a balance between being research-aware and an outsider standpoint seen as 'authentically' lay; scaling-up patient and public involvement embedded within a research infrastructure rather than risk token presence and whether patient and public involvement can have a place within basic science. Conclusions While patient and public involvement can be well-integrated within all types of research, policy makers should take account of tensions that must be navigated in balancing moral and methodological imperatives.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.