ArticlePLoS biology2018
The ecology of immune state in a wild mammal, Mus musculus domesticus.
Article in PLoS biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macroimmunology: The drivers and consequences of spatial patterns in wildlife immune defence.The Journal of animal ecology · 2020Pooled it
- Going wild: prioritizing experimental models of rodent-borne viruses to decode zoonotic spillover and pandemic risk.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Hotspot or blind spot? Fine-scale spatial heterogeneity and methodological bias inOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Out of the shed and into the field: an immune toolkit for measuring wild ungulate immune phenotypes at multiple scales.Discovery immunology · 2026Article
- The T-cell receptor repertoire of wild mice.Discovery immunology · 2026Article
- Integrating natural commensals and pathogens into preclinical mouse models.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Comparison of naturalization mouse model setups uncover distinct effects on intestinal mucosa depending on microbial experience.Discovery immunology · 2025Article
- Divergent age-related changes in parasite infection occur independently of behaviour and demography in a wild ungulate.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Sex drives colonic mucin sialylation in wild mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Assessing immune phenotypes using simple proxy measures: promise and limitations.Discovery immunology · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal-social association predicts immunological similarity in rewilded mice.Science advances · 2023Article
- Seasonal dynamics of the wild rodent faecal virome.Molecular ecology · 2023Article
- Genetic and Environmental interactions contribute to immune variation in rewilded mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Social association predicts immunological similarity in rewilded mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The wild mouse bone marrow has a unique myeloid and lymphoid composition and phenotype.Discovery immunology · 2023Article
- Variations in immune parameters with age in a wild rodent population and links with survival.Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Embracing the heterogeneity of natural viruses in mouse studies.The Journal of general virology · 2022Article
- Functionally distinct T-helper cell phenotypes predict resistance to different types of parasites in a wild mammal.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Noninvasively measured immune responses reflect current parasite infections in a wild carnivore and are linked to longevity.Ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Health Monitoring of Laboratory Rodent Colonies-Talking about (R)evolution.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune state of wild animals is largely unknown. Knowing this and what affects it is important in understanding how infection and disease affects wild animals. The immune state of wild animals is also important in understanding the biology of their pathogens, which is directly relevant to explaining pathogen spillover among species, including to humans. The paucity of knowledge about wild animals' immune state is in stark contrast to our exquisitely detailed understanding of the immunobiology of laboratory animals. Making an immune response is costly, and many factors (such as age, sex, infection status, and body condition) have individually been shown to constrain or promote immune responses. But, whether or not these factors affect immune responses and immune state in wild animals, their relative importance, and how they interact (or do not) are unknown. Here, we have investigated the immune ecology of wild house mice-the same species as the laboratory mouse-as an example of a wild mammal, characterising their adaptive humoral, adaptive cellular, and innate immune state. Firstly, we show how immune variation is structured among mouse populations, finding that there can be extensive immune discordance among neighbouring populations. Secondly, we identify the principal factors that underlie the immunological differences among mice, showing that body condition promotes and age constrains individuals' immune state, while factors such as microparasite infection and season are comparatively unimportant. By applying a multifactorial analysis to an immune system-wide analysis, our results bring a new and unified understanding of the immunobiology of a wild mammal.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.