ArticlePLoS pathogens2018
Limited immune surveillance in lymphoid tissue by cytolytic CD4+ T cells during health and HIV disease.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cytotoxic CD4Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Retraction: Limited immune surveillance in lymphoid tissue by cytolytic CD4+ T cells during health and HIV disease.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The immune synapses reveal aberrant functions of CD8 T cells during chronic HIV infection.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Regulation of CD4 T Cell Responses by the Transcription Factor Eomesodermin.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Risk and incidence of head and neck cancers in veterans living with HIV and matched HIV-negative veterans.Cancer · 2022Article
- Reduction of CD8 T Cell Functionality but Not Inhibitory Capacity by Integrase Inhibitors.Journal of virology · 2022Article
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- Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome-Enclosed miR-181a Induces CD4Journal of oncology · 2022Article
- Review
- High circulating SDF-1and MCP-1 levels and genetic variations in CXCL12, CCL2 and CCR5: Prognostic signature of immune recovery status in treated HIV-positive patients.EBioMedicine · 2020Article
- Incidence and survival for oropharynx and non-oropharynx head and neck cancers among veterans living with HIV.Cancer medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Persistent expansion and Th1-like skewing of HIV-specific circulating T follicular helper cells during antiretroviral therapy.EBioMedicine · 2020Article
- Novel Nested Peptide Epitopes Recognized by CD4Vaccines · 2020Article
- The Role of Immunomodulatory Receptors in the Pathogenesis of HIV Infection: A Therapeutic Opportunity for HIV Cure?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Elite control of HIV is associated with distinct functional and transcriptional signatures in lymphoid tissue CD8Science translational medicine · 2019Article
- Primary EBV Infection Induces an Acute Wave of Activated Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic CD4Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- Recurrent group AScience translational medicine · 2019Article
- Maintenance of Functional CD57+ Cytolytic CD4+ T Cells in HIV+ Elite Controllers.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Assessment of the Synaptic Interface of Primary Human T Cells from Peripheral Blood and Lymphoid Tissue.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-08-27Compromised Peer Review · Concerns/Issues about Human Subject Welfare · Concerns/Issues about Peer Review · Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions · Conflict of Interest · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by Third Party · Objections by Author(s) · · See also: https://pubpeer.com/publications/DBB1EEA61503A8641541F3D47C6BC8
- Retracted
Authors and funding
26 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
CD4+ T cells subsets have a wide range of important helper and regulatory functions in the immune system. Several studies have specifically suggested that circulating effector CD4+ T cells may play a direct role in control of HIV replication through cytolytic activity or autocrine β-chemokine production. However, it remains unclear whether effector CD4+ T cells expressing cytolytic molecules and β-chemokines are present within lymph nodes (LNs), a major site of HIV replication. Here, we report that expression of β-chemokines and cytolytic molecules are enriched within a CD4+ T cell population with high levels of the T-box transcription factors T-bet and eomesodermin (Eomes). This effector population is predominately found in peripheral blood and is limited in LNs regardless of HIV infection or treatment status. As a result, CD4+ T cells generally lack effector functions in LNs, including cytolytic capacity and IFNγ and β-chemokine expression, even in HIV elite controllers and during acute/early HIV infection. While we do find the presence of degranulating CD4+ T cells in LNs, these cells do not bear functional or transcriptional effector T cell properties and are inherently poor to form stable immunological synapses compared to their peripheral blood counterparts. We demonstrate that CD4+ T cell cytolytic function, phenotype, and programming in the peripheral blood is dissociated from those characteristics found in lymphoid tissues. Together, these data challenge our current models based on blood and suggest spatially and temporally dissociated mechanisms of viral control in lymphoid tissues.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.