ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2018
Germinal center antibody mutation trajectories are determined by rapid self/foreign discrimination.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed.
- BRWD1 directs B cell epigenetic states required for germinal center initiation, maintenance and function.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Biophysical properties of IgD determine thresholds for self-tolerance and selection into germinal centers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Non-PF4/heparin-binding, platelet-activating antibodies in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.Blood · 2026Article
- Lymphocyte-derived cholinergic circuits modulate germinal center output and B cell activation.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Biophysical trade-offs in antibody evolution are resolved by conformation-mediated epistasis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of B Cell Tolerance in Health and Autoimmunity.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms for direct sensing of virus-like antigens by B cells.International immunology · 2026Review
- Humoral epitope dominance and immune imprinting by SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Framework-mediated binding of foreign and self-glycans by IGHV4-34 antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Convergent mutation trajectories convert functional self-tolerance in IGHV4-34 B cells to genetic tolerance encoded in the antibody.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Human naïve B cells show evidence of anergy and clonal redemption following vaccination.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Signaling Activation and Modulation in Extrafollicular B Cell Responses.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Affinity maturation endows potent activity onto class 6 SARS-CoV-2 broadly neutralizing antibodies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Systemic lupus erythematosus: pathogenesis and targeted therapy.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Review
- B cell-reactive triad of B cells, follicular helper and regulatory T cells at homeostasis.Cell research · 2024Article
- Rare SH2B3 coding variants in lupus patients impair B cell tolerance and predispose to autoimmunity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Central tolerance shapes the neutralizing B cell repertoire against a persisting virus in its natural host.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Memory B cells.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Germinal center versus extrafollicular responses in systemic autoimmunity: Who turns the blade on self?Advances in immunology · 2024Review
- Transendothelial Migration of Human B Cells: Chemokine versus Antigen.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antibodies have the specificity to differentiate foreign antigens that mimic self antigens, but it remains unclear how such specificity is acquired. In a mouse model, we generated B cells displaying an antibody that cross-reacts with two related protein antigens expressed on self versus foreign cells. B cell anergy was imposed by self antigen but reversed upon challenge with high-density foreign antigen, leading to germinal center recruitment and antibody gene hypermutation. Single-cell analysis detected rapid selection for mutations that decrease self affinity and slower selection for epistatic mutations that specifically increase foreign affinity. Crystal structures revealed that these mutations exploited subtle topological differences to achieve 5000-fold preferential binding to foreign over self epitopes. Resolution of antigenic mimicry drove the optimal affinity maturation trajectory, highlighting the value of retaining self-reactive clones as substrates for protective antibody responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.