Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29650621›Full record

ArticleCanadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien2018

Barriers to and enablers of advance care planning with patients in primary care: Survey of health care providers.

Michelle Howard, Carrie Bernard, Doug Klein, Dawn Elston, Amy Tan, Marissa Slaven, Doris Barwich, John J You, Daren K Heyland

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed.

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  10. Advance Care Planning in German General Practice: A Longitudinal Qualitative Study on Patients' Expectations and Experiences.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
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4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Michelle HowardAssistant Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ont. mhoward@mcmaster.ca.
Carrie BernardAssistant Clinical Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at McMaster University and Associate Program Director, Curriculum and Remediation in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto in Ontario.
Doug KleinAssociate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Alberta in Edmonton.
Dawn ElstonResearcher in the Department of Family Medicine at McMaster University.
Amy TanAssociate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Calgary in Alberta.
Marissa SlavenAssistant Clinical Professor in the Division of Palliative Care at McMaster University.
Doris BarwichClinical Associate Professor in the Division of Palliative Care in the Department of Medicine at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver.
John J YouAssociate Professor in the Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact and the Department of Medicine at McMaster University.
Daren K HeylandProfessor in the Department of Critical Care Medicine and the Department Public Health Sciences at Queen's University in Kingston, Ont, and Director of the Clinical Evaluation Research Unit at Kingston General Hospital.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo identify barriers to and enablers of advance care planning (ACP) perceived by physicians and other health professionals in primary care.

designCross-sectional, self-administered survey.

settingOntario, Alberta, and British Columbia.

participantsFamily physicians (n = 117) and other health professionals (n = 64) in primary care.

main outcome measuresPerceived barriers relating to the clinician, characteristics of patients, and system factors, rated on a 7-point scale from 0 (not at all) to 6 (an extreme amount), and enablers reported using an open-ended question.

resultsBetween November 2014 and June 2015, questionnaires were returned by 72.2% (117 of 162) of family physicians and 68.8% (64 of 93) of the other health professionals. Physicians rated insufficient time, inability to electronically transfer the advance care plan across care settings, decreased interaction with patients near the end of life owing to transfer of care, and patients' difficulty understanding limitations and complications of treatment options as the highest barriers. Other health professionals additionally identified their own lack of knowledge and difficulty accessing the physician as barriers. Themes identified as enablers included greater public engagement, clinician attitudes, creating capacity for clinicians, integrating ACP into practice, and system and policy supports.

conclusionIn primary care, there are barriers to engaging patients in ACP at the patient, provider, and system levels that could potentially be addressed through the informed development of multifaceted interventions.

Indexed as

Advance Care PlanningCommunication BarriersHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeAdultCanadaCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth PersonnelHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhysicians, FamilyPrimary Health CareSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID29650621
PMCPMC5897087

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.