ArticleEBioMedicine2018
Fecal Microbiota Composition Drives Immune Activation in HIV-infected Individuals.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut Microbiome Changes Associated With HIV Infection and Sexual Orientation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of a Nutritional Intervention on the Intestinal Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children: The Pediabiota Study.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Cotrimoxazole reduces systemic inflammation in HIV infection by altering the gut microbiome and immune activation.Science translational medicine · 2019Trial
- Microbe on the move:Journal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- Gut-heart immuno-metabolic disruption associated with inflammaging and subclinical coronary artery disease in people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2026Article
- Weaning drives microbiome-mediated epigenetic regulation to shape immune memory in mice.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Metagenomic analysis reveals rectal microbiota features associated with HIV and behavioral factors in Nigerian men who have sex with men.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus-associated gut microbiome impacts systemic immunodeficiency and susceptibility to opportunistic gut infection.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- The Biosocial Microbiome: Gender Identity, Geography, and Mucosal Microbial Phenotypes.Research square · 2026Article
- Inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface: a perspective on interacting risk factors for preterm birth in sub-Saharan African women living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- High-risk Sexual Behavior for HIV Acquisition is Associated with Gut Microbial Community in Men Who Have Sex with Men.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Sexual behavior influences the abundance of Prevotellaceae family in men who have sex with men.AMB Express · 2025Article
- Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Exploring the Intersection of Cardiovascular Disease, Sex and Race and How Exercise, and Gut Microbiota Influence these Relationships.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Gut microbiome as a potential mediator linking sexual behaviors to immune profiles in HIV-negative men who have sex with men: a multi-omics study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Gut microbiome composition influences immunologic alterations in the blood and gut of HIV-positive and HIV-negative men who have sex with men.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Sex differences in beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in People With HIV (PWH) with a history of heavy alcohol drinking.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Clinical and Microbial Determinants of Upper Respiratory Colonization With Streptococcus pneumoniae and Native Microbiota in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Control Adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Gut Microbiome Alteration in HIV/AIDS and the Role of Antiretroviral Therapy-A Scoping Review.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Comparison of the urinary microbiome in men who have sex with men with and without Chlamydia trachomatis infection.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The inflammatory properties of the enteric microbiota of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals are of considerable interest because of strong evidence that bacterial translocation contributes to chronic immune activation and disease progression. Altered enteric microbiota composition occurs with HIV infection but whether altered microbiota composition or increased intestinal permeability alone drives peripheral immune activation is controversial. To comprehensively assess the inflammatory properties of HIV-associated enteric microbiota and relate these to systemic immune activation, we developed methods to purify whole fecal bacterial communities (FBCs) from stool for use in in vitro immune stimulation assays with human cells. We show that the enteric microbiota of untreated HIV-infected subjects induce significantly higher levels of activated monocytes and T cells compared to seronegative subjects. FBCs from anti-retroviral therapy (ART)-treated HIV-infected individuals induced intermediate T cell activation, indicating an only partial correction of adaptive immune cell activation capacity of the microbiome with ART. In vitro activation levels correlated with activation levels and viral load in blood and were particularly high in individuals harboring specific gram-positive opportunistic pathogens. Blockade experiments implicated Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and Toll-Like Receptor-2 (TLR2), which recognizes peptidoglycan, as strong mediators of T cell activation; This may contradict a previous focus on lipopolysaccharide as a primary mediator of chronic immune activation. These data support that increased inflammatory properties of the enteric microbiota and not increased permeability alone drives chronic inflammation in HIV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.