SynthesisReproductive health2018
Effectiveness of health education as an intervention designed to prevent female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C): a systematic review.
Synthesis in Reproductive health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of group education or one-on-one counseling for the prevention of female genital mutilation in communities that perform female genital mutilation.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of health education intervention on intention not to perform female genital mutilation/cutting in the future among key decision-makers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2024Pooled it
- Economic burden of female genital mutilation in 27 high-prevalence countries.BMJ global health · 2022Pooled it
- Preventing female genital mutilation in high income countries: a systematic review of the evidence.Reproductive health · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Article
- Prevalence and determinants of female genital mutilation: current insights from ten at-risk countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.BMC public health · 2025Article
- "I just wanted to be like everyone else…": Qualitative exploration of women's perspectives on female genital mutilation/cutting and its potential abandonment in Somalia.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Exploring Nurse Dyads' experiences of scope of practice in nursing homes: A qualitative descriptive study from the FLORENCE project.PloS one · 2025Article
- Six aspects of female genital mutilation education (SAFE) model: findings from a qualitative study.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Contextual determinants of generational continuation of female genital mutilation among women of reproductive age in nigeria: analysis of the 2018 demographic and health survey.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- 'It is what was handed over to us as our heritage and must not be taken away just like that': Traditional birth attendants' attitudes towards the elimination of intergenerational female genital mutilation/cutting in Osun State, Nigeria.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Do Attitude, Awareness and Intention to Perform Female Genital Mutilation or Cutting for Their Daughters of Women Healthcare Providers Differ from Mothers in Somalia?International journal of women's health · 2023Article
- What interventions are effective to prevent or respond to female genital mutilation? A review of existing evidence from 2008-2020.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Socio-economic disparities in female genital circumcision: finding from a case-control study in Mahabad, Iran.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Turning the tide on female genital mutilation in a high prevalence country: a programmatic data analysis for Sudan's comprehensive health sector response, 2016-2018.BMJ global health · 2022Review
- Acceptability of a Smartphone Application to Enhance Healthcare to Female Genital Mutilation Survivors in Liberia: A Qualitative Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Fight against Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting among the Ejaghams of Cameroon: Kinks in the Legal Approach and Implications for Public Health Practice.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFemale Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a harmful practice that violates the human rights of women and girls. Despite global efforts to restrict the practice, there have been few reports on major positive changes to the problem. Health education interventions have been successful in preventing various health conditions and promoting service use. They have also been regarded as promising interventions for preventing FGM/C. The objective of this systematic review is to synthesise findings of studies about effectiveness of health education as an intervention to prevent FGM/C.
methodsThe electronic databases searched were MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Psych INFO, CINAHL and ASSIA. Our search included papers published in the English language without date limits. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). A predesigned data recording form was used to extract data from the included studies which were summarised by comparing similar themes.
resultsTwelve out of 359 individual studies met our inclusion criteria. Seven studies were quantitative, three were qualitative and two used mixed methods. Six studies tested before and after the interventions, four studies assessed the effectiveness of previous interventions used by different research teams and two studies endorsed the intervention. Four main factors emerged and were associated with facilitating or hindering the effectiveness of health education interventions: sociodemographic factors; socioeconomic factors; traditions and beliefs; and intervention strategy, structure and delivery.
conclusionsIt is vital to target factors associated with facilitating or hindering the effectiveness of health education for FGM/C. This increases the possibility of effective, collective change in behaviour and attitude which leads to the sustainable prevention of FGM/C and ultimately the improved reproductive health and well-being of individuals and communities.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.