ArticleBMC ophthalmology2018
The function and morphology of Meibomian glands in patients with thyroid eye disease: a preliminary study.
Article in BMC ophthalmology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03888183 (Short-term Supplemental Effect of Preservative-free Low-dose Hyaluronic Acid-containing Salt Solution on Dry Eye Disease - A Randomized, Parallel-group, Double-blind, Controlled Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Short-term Supplemental Effect of Preservative-free Low-dose Hyaluronic Acid-containing Salt Solution on Dry Eye Disease - A Randomized, Parallel-group, Double-blind, Controlled Trial
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Preservative-free 3% Diquafosol in Patients with Pre-existing Dry Eye Disease after Cataract Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Evaluation of Dry Eye Parameters in Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Associations between quantitative ocular surface features and CT morphology of the levator palpebrae superioris complex in patients with thyroid eye disease and upper eyelid retraction: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Thyroid hormone signaling in ocular development and diseases.Biological research · 2025Review
- Clinical characteristics of dry eye patients with thyroid disorders: a cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Selenium: Could It Be the Game-Changer for Ocular Surface and Anterior Chamber in Graves' Disease?Beyoglu eye journal · 2025Article
- A novel nomogram to predict glucocorticoid response in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy: findings from a pilot study.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Ocular surface and meibomian gland evaluation in euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Clinical Practice Guidelines.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- The Association between Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Ocular Surface Damage: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Ocular Surface Changes in Treatment-Naive Thyroid Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Hormones and dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Ocular Surface Disease Related to the Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Phases of Thyroid Eye Disease.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Changes in Dry Eye Status after Steroid Pulse and Orbital Radiation Therapies in Active Thyroid Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Ocular surface disease in thyroid eye disease: A narrative review.The ocular surface · 2022Review
- Statin Use Is Associated With a Lower Risk of Blepharitis: A Population-Based Study.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Dry eye disease and tear film assessment through a novel non-invasive ocular surface analyzer: The OSA protocol.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Meibomian gland morphological changes in ocular herpes zoster patients based on AI analysis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Article
- In vivo confocal microscopy assessment of meibomian glands microstructure in patients with Graves' orbitopathy.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo investigate function and morphology of the meibomian gland (MG) in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED).
methodsIn this prospective case series study, patients with unilateral or bilateral TED were consecutively enrolled. The diagnosis of TED was based on the typical orbital findings and/or radiographic evidence. The disease activity of TED was classified according to the clinical activity score (CAS). Degrees of lagophthalmos and exophthalmos, blinking rates, and results of the Schirmer test 1 were also recorded. All patients completed the SPEED questionnaire and underwent MG assessment, including lipid layer thickness (LLT), MG dropout (MGd), and MG expression.
resultsIn total 31 eyes from 17 patients with unilateral or bilateral TED were included. Patients were divided into inactive TED (CAS 0-1; 20 eyes from 11 patients) and active TED (CAS 2-3, 11 eyes from 6 patients) groups. MGd was significantly more severe in the active TED than the inactive TED group [Median (Inter-quartile region): 3.0 (2.0-3.0) vs. 2.0 (1.0-2.0) degree, P = 0.04]. However, patients with active TED had thicker LLT than those with inactive TED (90.0 [80.0-100.0] vs. 65.0 [47.8-82.5] nm, P = 0.02), and LLT was positively correlated with lagophthalmos (r = 0.37, P = 0.04).
conclusionsPatients with active TED had more severe MGd, but thicker LLT. Active TED may cause periglandular inflammation of MGs, leading to MGd, but compensatory secretion from residual MGs and lagophthalmos-induced forceful blinking might temporarily release more lipids over the tear film.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.