ReviewAntiviral research2018
The evolution of nucleoside analogue antivirals: A review for chemists and non-chemists. Part 1: Early structural modifications to the nucleoside scaffold.
Review in Antiviral research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 220 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
220 citing papers in PubMed, 530 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discovery of the nucleoside analogue FMAU as a broad-spectrum anti-orthopoxvirus inhibitor in vitro and in vivo using a structure-guided hit expansion strategy.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Response of the replisome to araA and araC suggests a mechanism for arabinosyl nucleoside tolerance.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Preparation of C4'-modified nucleoside analogs.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Advances in nucleotide-based P2Y₁ antagonism: implications for cardiovascular therapeutics.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Review
- An updated review of enantioselective syntheses and biological actions of carbanucleosides.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Review
- 1,3-Dioxolane derived nucleos(t)ides: synthetic strategies, current position, and future promise in antiviral and anticancer drug discovery.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Review
- Lipid tail length dictates membrane disruption by carmofur analogs and reveals noncanonical modes of action.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Establishment of an in vitro human blood-brain barrier model for antiviral screening against neurotropic viruses.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- Discovery of a 4'-Azido Fleximer Nucleoside Analog With Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity Against DENV, EBOV, and Other RNA Viruses.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Design, Synthesis, In Silico Studies, and HIV-1 RT Inhibitory Activity of 1,3-Oxazolidine Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogues.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- A C-Nucleoside Analogue of Cordycepin With High Metabolic Stability and Potent Anti-Psoriatic Activity via Microneedle Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Article
- Chiral-Modified Nucleoside Analogues: From Bioactivity to Therapeutic Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Catching our breath: development of interventions and therapies for respiratory syncytial virus.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2026Review
- Revisiting Hydrazine Moiety as a Scaffold for the Synthesis of Potential Antiviral Pyrazole Ribonucleoside Analogues.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Anomer-Selective Vorbrüggen Reaction for the Catalytic Synthesis of CJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Stereoselective synthesis of 1'-α-cyano carbocyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogsOrganic & biomolecular chemistry · 2026Article
- Design of Nucleoside Prodrugs for the Inhibition of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Reproduction.Doklady. Biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- Boron-10 carriers and their applications in boron neutron capture therapy.Precision radiation oncology · 2026Review
- Structure-Activity Relationships, Molecular Mechanisms, and Ecotoxicological Evaluation Underlying Nucleoside-Mediated Antifouling Activity.Biomolecules · 2026Article
160 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This is the first of two invited articles reviewing the development of nucleoside-analogue antiviral drugs, written for a target audience of virologists and other non-chemists, as well as chemists who may not be familiar with the field. Rather than providing a simple chronological account, we have examined and attempted to explain the thought processes, advances in synthetic chemistry and lessons learned from antiviral testing that led to a few molecules being moved forward to eventual approval for human therapies, while others were discarded. The present paper focuses on early, relatively simplistic changes made to the nucleoside scaffold, beginning with modifications of the nucleoside sugars of Ara-C and other arabinose-derived nucleoside analogues in the 1960's. A future paper will review more recent developments, focusing especially on more complex modifications, particularly those involving multiple changes to the nucleoside scaffold. We hope that these articles will help virologists and others outside the field of medicinal chemistry to understand why certain drugs were successfully developed, while the majority of candidate compounds encountered barriers due to low-yielding synthetic routes, toxicity or other problems that led to their abandonment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.