SynthesisPloS one2018
Prevalence and predictors of khat chewing among Ethiopian university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alcohol consumption among university students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Substance use among young people in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review on risk factors for khat chewing among adolescents in the African continent and Arabian Peninsula.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Umbrella Review on the Epidemiology of Modifiable Health Influencing Factors and on Health Promoting Interventions Among University Students.Frontiers in public health · 2020Pooled it
- Prevalence of lifetime substances use among students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Evaluation of a Mass Media Educational Campaign to Increase Secondary School Students' Awareness of Health Risks of Khat Chewing: A Quasi-Experimental Pre-Post Study in Aden, Yemen.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Association Between Khat (Biomarker insights · 2026Article
- Prevalence of problematic khat use and its associated factors among high school students in Legambo woreda, Ethiopia.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Intention to Catha edulis chewing cessation and associated factors among Catha edulis chewers of Bahir Dar University students, Northwest Ethiopia: Application of the Trans theoretical model.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Machine learning algorithms to predict khat chewing practice and its predictors among men aged 15 to 59 in Ethiopia: further analysis of the 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Khat chewing among parents and their children: A potential transgenerational effect.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2024Article
- Child sexual abuse and its determinants among children in Addis Ababa Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Intention to khat chewing among youths in Raya-Azebo district, southern zone of Tigray, Ethiopia: application of the theory of planned behavior.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Exploring prevention and control mechanisms of youth substance use: a case of North Wollo and Waghimra, Northeast Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Levels and Health Risk Assessments of Heavy Metals in Khat and Its Support Soil in Algesachi, Ilu Ababor, Ethiopia.Environmental health insights · 2024Article
- Exploring the perception of key stakeholders toward khat policy approaches in Ethiopia: a qualitative study.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Understanding the Mechanisms of Action and Effects of Drugs of Abuse.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in Hargeisa, Somaliland: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Polydrug Use among Students in a Public University in a Lower Middle-Income Country.BioMed research international · 2023Article
- Substance use and substance use disorders in Africa: An epidemiological approach to the review of existing literature.World journal of psychiatry · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundKhat chewing has become a common practice among university students in developing countries like Ethiopia. It has a potential effect on physical, mental, social and cognitive aspects of student functioning. In Ethiopia, study findings regarding the prevalence of khat chewing were highly dispersed and inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimates the pooled prevalence of khat chewing and its predictors among Ethiopian university students.
methodA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prevalence and predictors of khat chewing among university students in Ethiopia. We searched literature from the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 24 Ethiopian studies reporting the prevalence of khat chewing among university students were included. Data were extracted using a standardized data extraction format prepared in Microsoft Excel and the analysis was done using STATA 14 statistical software. To assess heterogeneity, the Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 test were used. Since the included studies exhibit high heterogeneity, a random effect meta-analysis model was computed to estimate the pooled prevalence of khat chewing. Moreover, the association between predictor variables, and khat chewing practice were examined.
resultsThe meta-analysis of 24 studies revealed that the pooled prevalence of khat chewing among university students in Ethiopia was 23.22% (95% CI: 19.5, 27.0). In the subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence was observed in Oromia region (31.6%; 95CI: 21.2, 41.9) whereas the lowest prevalence was observed in Amhara region (18.1%; 95%CI: 12.4, 23.8). Being male OR: 2.76 (95% CI 1.64, 4.63), family khat chewing practice OR: 2.91 (95% CI 1.06, 7.98), friend khat chewing habit OR: 4.74 (95% CI 3.48, 13.06), alcohol drinking OR: 7.06 (95% CI 5.65, 8.82) and cigarette smoking habit OR: 15.11 (95% CI 8.96, 25.51) were found to be predictors of khat chewing.
conclusionThe study found that the prevalence of khat chewing among university students was quite common, with slightly more than 1 in 5 students engaging in the use of this substance. Being male, family khat chewing practice, friend's khat chewing habit, alcohol drinking, and cigarette smoking were found to be predictors of khat chewing practice among university students.
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