ArticleNeuropsychology2018
Ethnoracial differences in brain structure change and cognitive change.
Article in Neuropsychology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk, protective, and biomarkers of dementia in Indigenous peoples: A systematic review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- Brain-Inspired Multisensory Learning: A Systematic Review of Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Outcomes in Adult Multicultural and Second Language Acquisition.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- WMH Contributions to Cognitive Impairment: Rationale and Design of the Diverse VCID Study.Stroke · 2025Review
- The normalizing properties of intracranial volume across race and sex.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Examining the role of early bilingualism on interference suppression and prefrontal connectivity.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2025Article
- Depression, Vascular Burden, and Dementia Prevalence in Late Middle-Aged and Older Black Adults.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- Self-reported mid- to late-life physical and recreational activities: Associations with late-life cognition.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2024Article
- White matter hyperintensities in diverse populations: A systematic review of literature in the United States.Cerebral circulation - cognition and behavior · 2024Review
- Effects of early-life environment and adulthood SES on cognitive change in a multiethnic cohort.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2023Article
- Cancer-related cognitive impairment in racial and ethnic minority groups: a scoping review.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- The neuropathological landscape of Hispanic and non-Hispanic White decedents with Alzheimer disease.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Article
- Toward a statistical validation of brain signatures as robust measures of behavioral substrates.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- APOE Effects on Late Life Cognitive Trajectories in Diverse Racial/Ethnic Groups.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2023Article
- Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Trajectories of Dependence and Cognition in a Sample of Community-dwelling Older Adults with Dementia.Current Alzheimer research · 2023Article
- A promising cognitive screener in multiple sclerosis: The NIH toolbox cognition battery concords with gold standard neuropsychological measures.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2022Article
- Associations of deformation-based brain morphometry with cognitive level and decline within older Blacks without dementia.Neurobiology of aging · 2022Article
- Imaging Markers of Vascular Brain Health: Quantification, Clinical Implications, and Future Directions.Stroke · 2022Review
- Chronic Pain Severity and Sociodemographics: An Evaluation of the Neurobiological Interface.The journal of pain · 2022Observational
- Biopsychosocial pathways in dementia inequalities: Introduction to the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project.The American psychologist · 2021Article
- The relationship between diabetes-related cognitive dysfunction and leukoaraiosis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine longitudinal associations between structural MRI and cognition in a diverse sample.
methodOlder adults (n = 444; Mage = 74.5)-121 African Americans, 212 Whites, and 111 Hispanics-underwent an average of 5.3 annual study visits. Approximately half were cognitively normal at baseline (global Clinical Dementia Rating M = 0.5). Of the patients with dementia, most (79%) were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). MRI measures of gray matter volume (baseline and change), and hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes (baseline), were used to predict change in global cognition. Multilevel latent variable modeling was used to test the hypothesis that brain effects on cognitive change differed across ethnoracial groups.
resultsIn a multivariable model, global gray matter change was the strongest predictor of cognitive decline in Whites and African Americans and specific temporal lobe change added incremental explanatory power in Whites. Baseline WMH volume was the strongest predictor of cognitive decline in Hispanics and made an incremental contribution in Whites.
conclusionsWe found ethnoracial group differences in associations of brain variables with cognitive decline. The unique patterns in Whites appeared to suggest a greater influence of AD in this group. In contrast, cognitive decline in African Americans and Hispanics was most uniquely attributable to global gray matter change and baseline WMH, respectively. Brain changes underlying cognitive decline in older adults are heterogeneous and depend on fixed and modifiable risk factors that differ based on ethnicity and race. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.