ReviewSchizophrenia bulletin2018
Inflammation in Schizophrenia: Pathogenetic Aspects and Therapeutic Considerations.
Review in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 304 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
304 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 617 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia: The Role of Inflammation.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- Schizophrenia is associated with altered DNA methylation variance.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Exercise Interventions for Psychotic Disorders: The Impact of Exercise Intensity, Mindfulness Components, and Other Moderators on Symptoms, Functioning, and Cardiometabolic Health.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- Linking Inflammation, Aberrant Glutamate-Dopamine Interaction, and Post-synaptic Changes: Translational Relevance for Schizophrenia and Antipsychotic Treatment: a Systematic Review.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Pooled it
- Inflammation in first-episode psychosis: The contribution of inflammatory biomarkers to the emergence of negative symptoms, a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2022Pooled it
- Pilot study indicates that a gluten-free diet lowers oxidative stress for gluten-sensitive persons with schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2024Trial
- A double-blind, randomized controlled study of the effects of celecoxib on clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment in patients with drug-naïve first episode schizophrenia: pharmacogenetic impact of cyclooxygenase-2 functional polymorphisms.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- The Role of Total White Blood Cell Count in Antipsychotic Treatment for Patients with Schizophrenia.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Trial
- Effect of Integrated Psychobehavioral Care on Emotional-Behavioral Responses, Cognitive Changes in Outpatients with Schizophrenia Followed Up: Based on a Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Trial
- Neuronal IL-18 Signaling in the Medial Habenula Contributes to Schizophrenia-Like Behavioral Deficits via ERK-Associated BDNF Suppression.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Upregulation of circSUCO22-20 in schizophrenia: clinical correlation with systemic inflammation and in vitro pro-apoptotic mechanisms.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor - What are the clinical potentials in psychiatry?Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Cytokine and C-reactive protein concentrations over 6 months of treatment with clozapine in treatment resistant schizophrenia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity of composite inflammatory markers in acute schizophrenia: stratification by age, gender, and age at onset.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Animal Models for Drug Discovery in Schizophrenia: A Critical View from a Clinical Perspective.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2026Review
- Developmental Brain Network Trajectories Differentiate Resilience and Vulnerability to Psychosis in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Schizophrenia: from mechanism to therapy.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- From Perinatal Stress to Schizophrenia: The Emerging Role of Glial Pathology.Annals of neurosciences · 2026Review
- TRPV1 Suppresses Microglial Inflammatory Activation to Ameliorate Schizophrenia-Associated Behaviors in Maternal Separation Rats.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- From weather to symptoms: Preliminary links between weather and inflammation in schizophrenia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
244 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This paper discusses the current evidence from animal and human studies for a central role of inflammation in schizophrenia. In animal models, pre- or perinatal elicitation of the immune response may increase immune reactivity throughout life, and similar findings have been described in humans. Levels of pro-inflammatory markers, such as cytokines, have been found to be increased in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with schizophrenia. Numerous epidemiological and clinical studies have provided evidence that various infectious agents are risk factors for schizophrenia and other psychoses. For example, a large-scale epidemiological study performed in Denmark clearly showed that severe infections and autoimmune disorders are such risk factors. The vulnerability-stress-inflammation model may help to explain the role of inflammation in schizophrenia because stress can increase pro-inflammatory cytokines and may even contribute to a chronic pro-inflammatory state. Schizophrenia is characterized by risk genes that promote inflammation and by environmental stress factors and alterations of the immune system. Typical alterations of dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission described in schizophrenia have also been found in low-level neuroinflammation and consequently may be key factors in the generation of schizophrenia symptoms. Further support for the relevance of a low-level neuroinflammatory process in schizophrenia is provided by the loss of central nervous system volume and microglial activation demonstrated in neuroimaging studies. Last but not least, the benefit of anti-inflammatory medications found in some studies and the intrinsic anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of antipsychotics provide further support for the role of inflammation in this debilitating disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.