Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29644066›Full record

ArticleClinical kidney journal2018

Patterns of progression of chronic kidney disease at later stages.

Fernando Caravaca-Fontán, Lilia Azevedo, Enrique Luna, Francisco Caravaca

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.9field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Diagnostic Performance of [Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Trajectories of kidney function and risk of mortality.International journal of epidemiology · 2023
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Observational
  16. CKD Progression From the Time of Estimated GFR-Based Waitlist Eligibility and Racial Disparities in Transplant Access.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2022
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Fernando Caravaca-FontánNephrology Department, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain.
Lilia AzevedoNephrology Department, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain.
Enrique LunaNephrology Department, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain.
Francisco CaravacaNephrology Department, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Badajoz, Spain.
Hospital Universitario Infanta Cristina · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAt later stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a pattern of linear and irreversible renal function decline is thought to be the most common. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of the different patterns of CKD progression, and to investigate potentially modifiable factors associated with the rate of decline of renal function.

methodsThis was a retrospective, observational study in a cohort of adult patients with CKD Stage 4 or 5 not on dialysis. Decline in renal function was estimated as the slope of the individual linear regression line of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over time. The following patterns of CKD progression were considered: unidentifiable, linear, nonlinear (curvilinear) and positive (improvement of renal function).

resultsThe study group consisted of 915 patients (mean ±SD age 65 ± 14 years, 48% females, median follow-up time 16 months). A linear pattern was observed in 38%, unidentifiable in 23%, nonlinear in 24% and positive in 15% of the study patients. The mean eGFR slope was: -3.35 ± 4.45 mL/min/year. Linear and unidentifiable patterns were associated with more rapid loss of renal function. By multiple linear and logistic regression analysis, the magnitude of proteinuria, the systolic blood pressure and the treatment with dual renin-angiotensin system blockade were associated with more rapid CKD progression. On the contrary, older age and discontinuation of commonly prescribed medication with potential influence on renal function or eGFR measurements were associated with slower CKD progression.

conclusionsA majority of patients with advanced CKD show patterns of renal function decline different from linear, and several of the main determinants of CKD progression are potentially modifiable.

Indexed as

chronic kidney diseasedual blockade renin–angiotensin systempatterns of CKD progressionproteinuria

Identifiers

PMID29644066
PMCPMC5888389
OpenAlexW2741868759

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.