ReviewNature reviews. Neuroscience2018
The basal ganglia and the cerebellum: nodes in an integrated network.
Review in Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 412 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
412 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 764 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Spectrum of SEZ6L2 Autoimmunity: A Case Report and Systematic Review.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Consistent cortico-basal ganglia-cerebellar activation in early motor sequence learning: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- A bias-accounting meta-analytic approach refines and expands the cerebellar behavioral topography.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of alterations in sensorimotor networks following stroke: implications for integration and functional outcomes across recovery stages.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Mentalizing About Dynamic Social Action Sequences Is Supported by the Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, and Neocortex: A Meta-Analysis of Activation and Connectivity.Human brain mapping · 2024Pooled it
- The Role of the Human Cerebellum for Learning from and Processing of External Feedback in Non-Motor Learning: A Systematic Review.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the relationship between the number and location of perivascular spaces in the brain and cognitive function.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Pooled it
- Functional neuroimaging in patients with catatonia: A systematic review.Journal of psychosomatic research · 2024Pooled it
- Explicit and Implicit Emotion Processing in the Cerebellum: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Patients with Stroke: a Systematic Review.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Multifocal Noninvasive Deep Brain Stimulation to Enhance Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Crossover Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Immersive virtual reality upper-limb exercises in people with Parkinson's disease: an observer-blinded randomised controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Effect of Dynamic Balance Training Combined with Different Intensities of Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in People with Parkinson's Disease: a Randomized Clinical Trial.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Cerebellar Stimulation Modulates Reward Processing: A High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Study.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Accuracy deficits during robotic time-constrained reaching are related to altered prefrontal cortex activity in children with cerebral palsy.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Cerebellar transcranial magnetic stimulation improves motor function in Parkinson's disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Trial
- Large-Scale Cerebellar-Cerebral Network Alterations Underlying Impaired Social Predictive Processing in Cerebellar Neurodegeneration.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2026Article
- Brain Dynamics Underlying Reaching Movements Under Uncertainty.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Cerebellar rhythms: mechanisms, functions and translational opportunities.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Regional Cerebellar Volumetrics in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: An ENIGMA-OCD Study.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026Article
352 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The basal ganglia and the cerebellum are considered to be distinct subcortical systems that perform unique functional operations. The outputs of the basal ganglia and the cerebellum influence many of the same cortical areas but do so by projecting to distinct thalamic nuclei. As a consequence, the two subcortical systems were thought to be independent and to communicate only at the level of the cerebral cortex. Here, we review recent data showing that the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are interconnected at the subcortical level. The subthalamic nucleus in the basal ganglia is the source of a dense disynaptic projection to the cerebellar cortex. Similarly, the dentate nucleus in the cerebellum is the source of a dense disynaptic projection to the striatum. These observations lead to a new functional perspective that the basal ganglia, the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex form an integrated network. This network is topographically organized so that the motor, cognitive and affective territories of each node in the network are interconnected. This perspective explains how synaptic modifications or abnormal activity at one node can have network-wide effects. A future challenge is to define how the unique learning mechanisms at each network node interact to improve performance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.