ArticleScientific reports2018
A novel two-score system for interferon status segregates autoimmune diseases and correlates with clinical features.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 2026 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for the management of children, young people and adults with systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Guideline
- Pooled it
- An interactive web application for exploring systemic lupus erythematosus blood transcriptomic diversity.Database : the journal of biological databases and curation · 2024Trial
- Anifrolumab efficacy and safety by type I interferon gene signature and clinical subgroups in patients with SLE: post hoc analysis of pooled data from two phase III trials.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2022Trial
- Expression signatures with specificity for type I and II IFN response and relevance for autoimmune diseases and cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Oral ENPP1 inhibitor designed using generative AI as next generation STING modulator for solid tumors.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing defines distinct disease subtypes and reveals hypo-responsiveness to interferon in asymptomatic Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Microheterogeneity in the Kinetics and Sex-Specific Response to Type I IFN.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Uncoupling interferons and the interferon signature explains clinical and transcriptional subsets in SLE.Cell reports. Medicine · 2024Article
- Screening for autoimmune diseases in apparently healthy antinuclear antibody positive individuals.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Type I interferon pathway activation across the antiphospholipid syndrome spectrum: associations with disease subsets and systemic antiphospholipid syndrome presentation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Elevated A-to-I RNA editing in COVID-19 infected individuals.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2023Article
- Single-cell multi-omics analysis identifies two distinct phenotypes of newly-onset microscopic polyangiitis.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Uncoupling interferons and the interferon signature explain clinical and transcriptional subsets in SLE.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Low-density granulocytes are related to shorter pregnancy duration but not to interferon alpha protein blood levels in systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis research & therapy · 2023Article
- Gene Expression and Autoantibody Analysis Revealing Distinct Ancestry-Specific Profiles Associated With Response to Rituximab in Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Identification of biomarkers to stratify response to B-cell-targeted therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus: an exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Rheumatology · 2023Article
- High-temporal resolution profiling reveals distinct immune trajectories following the first and second doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.Science advances · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and systemic lupus erythematosus genetics: A balance between autoimmune disease risk and protection against infection.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Stochastic dynamics of Type-I interferon responses.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Measurement of type I interferon (IFN-I) has potential to diagnose and stratify autoimmune diseases, but existing results have been inconsistent. Interferon-stimulated-gene (ISG) based methods may be affected by the modularity of the ISG transcriptome, cell-specific expression, response to IFN-subtypes and bimodality of expression. We developed and clinically validated a 2-score system (IFN-Score-A and -B) using Factor Analysis of 31 ISGs measured by TaqMan selected from 3-IFN-annotated modules. We evaluated these scores using in-vitro IFN stimulation as well as in sorted cells then clinically validated in a cohort of 328 autoimmune disease patients and healthy controls. ISGs varied in response to IFN-subtypes and both scores varied between cell subsets. IFN-Score-A differentiated Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) from both Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Healthy Controls (HC) (both p < 0.001), while IFN-Score-B differentiated SLE and RA from HC (both p < 0.001). In SLE, both scores were associated with cutaneous and hematological (all p < 0.05) but not musculoskeletal disease activity. Comparing with bimodal (IFN-high/low) classification, significant differences in IFN-scores were found between diagnostic groups within the IFN-high group. Our continuous 2-score system is more clinically relevant than a simple bimodal classification of IFN status. This system should allow improvement in diagnosis, stratification, and therapy in IFN-mediated autoimmunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.