ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2018
Peripherally derived macrophages can engraft the brain independent of irradiation and maintain an identity distinct from microglia.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 241 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
241 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Article
- Article
- Repopulating microglia recapitulate developmental characteristics during a period of auditory circuit recovery.Hearing research · 2026Article
- Myeloid cell replacement induces intercellular mitochondrial transfer and restores metabolism in a mouse model of mitochondrial disease.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Depletion and replacement of tissue-resident macrophages in mice with germ-line deletion of a conserved enhancer in the Csf1r locus.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Exploring peripheral immune mechanisms and potential therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Enhancing the specificity of microglia genetic targeting using a CSF1R inhibitor.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Infiltrating Monocyte Fate Switch in Retinal Degeneration: From Early Pathology to Late Homeostasis.Research square · 2026Article
- Brain-engrafted monocyte-derived macrophages from blood and skull-bone marrow exhibit distinct properties.Neuron · 2026Article
- Genetic-Environmental Programming of Microglial Identity: Shaping Spatiotemporal Dynamics in Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Diseases.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Consensus statement on microglial and macrophage functions in gliomas.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- Immune dysfunction in Alzheimer disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Microglia replacement by peripheral delivery of CSF1R inhibitor-resistant hematopoietic cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Defective Hoxb8 microglia are causative for both chronic anxiety and pathological overgrooming in mice.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Toxoplasma gondii drives myeloid immune cell recruitment to amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's model mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Allogeneic MHC-mismatched microglia-like cell replacement as a therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Reprogramming microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: from pathological dysfunction to therapeutic restoration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
181 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Peripherally derived macrophages infiltrate the brain after bone marrow transplantation and during central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. It was initially suggested that these engrafting cells were newly derived microglia and that irradiation was essential for engraftment to occur. However, it remains unclear whether brain-engrafting macrophages (beMφs) acquire a unique phenotype in the brain, whether long-term engraftment may occur without irradiation, and whether brain function is affected by the engrafted cells. In this study, we demonstrate that chronic, partial microglia depletion is sufficient for beMφs to populate the niche and that the presence of beMφs does not alter behavior. Furthermore, beMφs maintain a unique functional and transcriptional identity as compared with microglia. Overall, this study establishes beMφs as a unique CNS cell type and demonstrates that therapeutic engraftment of beMφs may be possible with irradiation-free conditioning regimens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.