ArticleBMJ open2018
Incidence rate of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a population-based prospective active surveillance study in three cities in South America.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Incidence, risk factors and viral aetiology of lower respiratory infections among older adults: a 5-year multicentric cohort study in India.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Observational
- The effect of type 2 diabetes on the prognosis of community-acquired pneumonia.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Community-acquired pneumonia mortality trends according to age and gender: 2009 to 2019.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Role of Inflammatory Markers as a Risk Factor for Community-Acquired Pneumonia Management.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Abnormal serum phosphorus was associated with the outcome of community-acquired pneumonia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Argentinean Adults.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- Sepsis-Related Lung Injury and the Complication of Extrapulmonary Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Clinical profile analysis and nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality among elderly severe community-acquired pneumonia patients: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Role of Clinical Features, Pathogenic and Etiological Characteristics of Community-acquired Pneumonia with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Early Diagnosis.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- Herd immunity in older adults from a middle-income country: A time-series trend analysis of community-acquired pneumonia mortality 2003-2017.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Metagenomic next‑generation sequencing of BALF for the clinical diagnosis of severe community‑acquired pneumonia in immunocompromised patients: A single‑center study.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular Complications in Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Validity of the ROX index in predicting invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in pneumonia.BMJ open respiratory research · 2022Article
- Association of Serum Albumin and Copeptin with Early Clinical Deterioration and Instability in Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2022Article
- Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Characterization in Adults and Subgroups aged < 60 years and ≥ 60 years in Bogota, Colombia.IJID regions · 2022Article
- Article
- Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Adverse Outcomes in Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Frontline workers: Mediators of mucosal immunity in community acquired pneumonia and COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among Klebsiella pneumoniae from Iraqi patients with community-acquired pneumonia.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo determine the incidence rate and mortality of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults in three cities in Latin America during a 3-year period.
designProspective population-based surveillance study.
settingHealthcare facilities (outpatient centres and hospitals) in the cities of General Roca (Argentina), Rivera (Uruguay) and Concepción (Paraguay).
participants2302 adults aged 18 years and older with CAP were prospectively enrolled between January 2012 and March 2015.
main outcome measuresIncidence rates of CAP in adults, predisposing conditions for disease, mortality at 14 days and at 1 year were estimated. Incidence rate of CAP, within each age group, was calculated by dividing the number of cases by the person-years of disease-free exposure time based on the last census; incidence rates were expressed per 1000 person-years.
resultsMedian age of participants was 66 years, 46.44% were men, 68% were hospitalised. Annual incidence rate was 7.03 (95% CI 6.64 to 7.44) per 1000 person-years in General Roca, 6.33 (95% CI 5.92 to 6.78) per 1000 person-years in Rivera and 1.76 (95% CI 1.55 to 2.00) per 1000 person-years in Concepción. Incidence rates were highest in participants aged over 65 years. 82.4% had at least one predisposing condition and 48% had two or more (multimorbidity). Chronic heart disease (43.6%) and smoking (37.3%) were the most common risk factors. 14-day mortality rate was 12.1% and 1-year mortality was 24.9%. Multimorbidity was associated with an increased risk of death at 14 days (OR 2.91; 95% CI 2.23 to 3.80) and at 1 year (OR 3.00; 95% CI 2.44 to 3.70).
conclusionsWe found a high incidence rate of CAP in adults, ranging from 1.76 to 7.03 per 1000 person-years, in three cities in South America, disclosing the high burden of disease in the region. Efforts to improve prevention strategies are needed.
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