ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2018
Early life swimming pool exposure and asthma onset in children - a case-control study.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Asthma risk in young people who attended chlorinated swimming pools in early childhood.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2025Pooled it
- Early Life Exposure to Air Pollutants and Childhood Asthma.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- Allergic diseases and atopy in elite swimmers: a cross-sectional study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Avoidance of Inhaled Pollutants and Irritants in Asthma from a Salutogenic Perspective.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2024Review
- Chlorinated pool exposure, allergic sensitization, and risk of age 5-year asthma.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Machine learning-driven identification of early-life air toxic combinations associated with childhood asthma outcomes.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
- Impact of habitual swimming on the success of lacrimal surgery.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Balneotherapy and hydrotherapy in chronic respiratory disease.Journal of thoracic disease · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTrichloramine exposure in indoor swimming pools has been suggested to cause asthma in children. We aimed to investigate the risk of asthma onset among children in relation to individual trichloramine exposure.
methodsA longitudinal nested case-control study of 337 children with asthma (cases) and 633 controls aged 16-17 years was performed within a population-based cohort from The Obstructive Lung Disease in Northern Sweden studies (OLIN). Year of asthma onset and exposure time at different ages were obtained in telephone interviews. Trichloramine concentrations in the pool buildings were measured. Skin prick test results for inhalant allergens were available from previous examinations of the cohort. The risk for asthma was analyzed in relation to the cumulative trichloramine exposure before onset of asthma.
resultsThe participation rate was high in the original cohort (88 to 96%), and in the case-control study (80%). Trichloramine concentrations ranged from 0.020 to 0.55 mg/m
conclusionsEarly life exposure to chlorinated swimming pool environments was associated with pre-school asthma onset.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.