ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2018
Differential Expression and Clinical Significance of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Isoforms in GBM Tumors.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- mRNA markers for survival prediction in glioblastoma multiforme patients: a systematic review with bioinformatic analyses.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Immunotherapy in central nervous system tumors.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
- Understanding the Immune System and Biospecimen-Based Response in Glioblastoma: A Practical Guide to Utilizing Signal Redundancy for Biomarker and Immune Signature Discovery.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Advances and Challenges in Targeting TGF-β Isoforms for Therapeutic Intervention of Cancer: A Mechanism-Based Perspective.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- vNARs as Neutralizing Intracellular Therapeutic Agents: Glioblastoma as a Target.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A molecular signature for the G6PC3/SLC37A2/SLC37A4 interactors in glioblastoma disease progression and in the acquisition of a brain cancer stem cell phenotype.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Genetic Disruption of Guanylyl Cyclase/Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-A Triggers Differential Cardiac Fibrosis and Disorders in Male and Female Mutant Mice: Role of TGF-β1/SMAD Signaling Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- miR-4286 is Involved in Connections Between IGF-1 and TGF-β Signaling for the Mesenchymal Transition and Invasion by Glioblastomas.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Upregulation of Atypical Cadherin FAT1 Promotes an Immunosuppressive Tumor MicroenvironmentFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Cancer Metabolism: The Role of Immune Cells Epigenetic Alteration in Tumorigenesis, Progression, and Metastasis of Glioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- First-In-Human Phase I Study of a Next-Generation, Oral, TGFβ Receptor 1 Inhibitor, LY3200882, in Patients with Advanced Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2021Article
- Targeting the αv integrin/TGF-β axis improves natural killer cell function against glioblastoma stem cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
- Natural killer cell therapy for hematologic malignancies: successes, challenges, and the future.Stem cell research & therapy · 2021Review
- Review
- Review
- Regulation of Fibroblast Activation Protein by Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 in Glioblastoma Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- CircPIK3C2A Facilitates the Progression of GlioblastomaFrontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Fractalkine/CX3CL1 in Neoplastic Processes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Expression profiling of single cells and patient cohorts identifies multiple immunosuppressive pathways and an altered NK cell phenotype in glioblastoma.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Article
- USP26 regulates TGF-β signalling by deubiquitinating and stabilizing SMAD7; not applicable in glioblastoma.EMBO reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumors in adults. Response to standard treatment is transitory and the survival of clinical trial cohorts are little more than 14 months. GBM are characterized by excessive proliferation, invasiveness, and radio-/chemoresistance features; which are strongly upregulated by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). We hypothesized that TGF-β gene expression could correlate with overall survival (OS) and serve as a prognostic biomarker. TGF-β₁ and -β₂ expression were analyzed by qPCR in 159 GBM tumor specimens. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses were used to correlate expression with OS and progression-free survival (PFS). In GBM, TGF-β₁ and -β₂ levels were 33- and 11-fold higher respectively than in non-tumoral samples. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses revealed that high to moderate expressions of TGF-β₁ significantly conferred a strikingly poorer OS and PFS in newly diagnosed patients. Interestingly, at relapse, neither isoforms had meaningful impact on clinical evolution. We demonstrate that TGF-β₁ is the dominant isoform in newly diagnosed GBM rather than the previously acknowledged TGF-β₂. We believe our study is the first to unveil a significant relationship between TGF-β₁ expression and OS or PFS in newly diagnosed GBM. TGF-β₁ could serve as a prognostic biomarker or target affecting treatment planning and patient follow-up.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.