ArticlePLoS genetics2018
Effector gene birth in plant parasitic nematodes: Neofunctionalization of a housekeeping glutathione synthetase gene.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evidence for balancing selection on loci associated with host use in the genome of a generalist plant parasite.Evolution letters · 2026Article
- Molecular mimicry and trafficking of peptide effectors in sedentary nematodes: emerging drivers of feeding site formation and host signaling hijack.Crop health · 2026Review
- RNA tomography reveals spatial gene expression maps of Arabidopsis thaliana roots infected with Heterodera schachtii.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Adaptation ofEvolutionary applications · 2025Article
- Adaptation of the Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida to the Colinear Potato Resistant QTLs GpaVMolecular ecology · 2025Article
- Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Alfalfa Cyst Nematode (Journal of nematology · 2025Article
- Strong resistance to β-cyfluthrin in a strain of the beetle Alphitobius diaperinus: a de novo transcriptome analysis.Insect science · 2025Article
- The origin, deployment, and evolution of a plant-parasitic nematode effectorome.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Syncytium Induced by Plant-Parasitic Nematodes.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Whole mount multiplexed visualization of DNA, mRNA, and protein in plant-parasitic nematodes.Plant methods · 2023Article
- Discovery of Novel Effector Protein Candidates Produced in the Dorsal Gland of Adult Female Root-Knot Nematodes.Molecular plant-microbe interactions : MPMI · 2023Article
- The genome and lifestage-specific transcriptomes of a plant-parasitic nematode and its host reveal susceptibility genes involved in trans-kingdom synthesis of vitamin B5.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Transcript profiling of glutathione metabolizing genes reveals abiotic stress and glutathione-specific alteration inPhysiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2022Article
- Targeted transcriptomics reveals signatures of large-scale independent origins and concerted regulation of effector genes in Radopholus similis.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Comparative genomics of two inbred lines of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis reveals disparate effector family-specific diversification patterns.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- The GpIA7 effector from the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida targets potato EBP1 and interferes with the plant cell cycle.Journal of experimental botany · 2021Article
- Potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida.Molecular plant pathology · 2021Article
- The Genomic Impact of Selection for Virulence against Resistance in the Potato Cyst Nematode,Genes · 2020Article
- Comparative Genomics Reveals Novel Target Genes towards Specific Control of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes.Genes · 2020Article
- A new esophageal gland transcriptome reveals signatures of large scale de novo effector birth in the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans.BMC genomics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Plant pathogens and parasites are a major threat to global food security. Plant parasitism has arisen four times independently within the phylum Nematoda, resulting in at least one parasite of every major food crop in the world. Some species within the most economically important order (Tylenchida) secrete proteins termed effectors into their host during infection to re-programme host development and immunity. The precise detail of how nematodes evolve new effectors is not clear. Here we reconstruct the evolutionary history of a novel effector gene family. We show that during the evolution of plant parasitism in the Tylenchida, the housekeeping glutathione synthetase (GS) gene was extensively replicated. New GS paralogues acquired multiple dorsal gland promoter elements, altered spatial expression to the secretory dorsal gland, altered temporal expression to primarily parasitic stages, and gained a signal peptide for secretion. The gene products are delivered into the host plant cell during infection, giving rise to "GS-like effectors". Remarkably, by solving the structure of GS-like effectors we show that during this process they have also diversified in biochemical activity, and likely represent the founding members of a novel class of GS-like enzyme. Our results demonstrate the re-purposing of an endogenous housekeeping gene to form a family of effectors with modified functions. We anticipate that our discovery will be a blueprint to understand the evolution of other plant-parasitic nematode effectors, and the foundation to uncover a novel enzymatic function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.