ArticlePloS one2018
Gender-based discrimination and unprotected receptive anal intercourse among transgender women in Brazil: A mixed methods study.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Correlation between gender-based violence and poor treatment outcomes among transgender women living with HIV in Brazil.BMC public health · 2024Trial
- Exploring the universe of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in trans women: A qualitative analysis of access, use and adherence.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- HIV prevention among adolescents travestis and transgender women in three Brazilian capitals, 2019-2023.Epidemiologia e servicos de saude : revista do Sistema Unico de Saude do Brasil · 2025Article
- Factors Associated with Transgender-Based Discrimination AmongTransgender health · 2024Article
- Pleasurable and problematic receptive anal intercourse and diseases of the colon, rectum and anus.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Factors associated with condomless anal sex among adolescent men who have sex with men and transgender women in three Brazilian state capitals: a PrEP1519 study.Revista de saude publica · 2024Article
- Social representations of HIV and healthcare among recently diagnosed youth.Revista de saude publica · 2024Article
- Discrimination based on gender identity against transgender women and travestis in Brazil: a latent class analysis and associated factors.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- A Contextualization of Transgender Women and Condom Use Using the HIV Syndemic Framework: Scoping Review.International journal of sexual health : official journal of the World Association for Sexual Health · 2024Article
- Prevalence of HIV infection among transgender women and travestis in Brazil: data from the TransOdara study.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Prevalence of Mollicutes among men who have sex with men and transgender women aged 15 to 19 years in Salvador, North-eastern Brazil.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Important steps for PrEP uptake among adolescent men who have sex with men and transgender women in Brazil.PloS one · 2023Article
- HIV prevalence among transgender women in Northeast Brazil - Findings from two Respondent Driven Sampling studies.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Factors associated with symptoms of major depression disorder among transgender women in Northeast Brazil.PloS one · 2022Article
- A cross-sectional study of mental health and suicidality among trans women in São Paulo, Brazil.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Violence Victimization and Condomless Anal Intercourse Among Transgender Women in China: Mediating Role of Depression.AIDS and behavior · 2021Article
- Condom-Protected Sex and Minority Stress: Associations with Condom Negotiation Self-Efficacy, "Passing" Concerns, and Experiences with Misgendering among Transgender Men and Women in Brazil.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Nonprescribed Sex Hormone Use Among Trans Women: The Complex Interplay of Public Policies, Social Context, and Discrimination.Transgender health · 2020Article
- Combined effects of gender affirmation and economic hardship on vulnerability to HIV: a qualitative analysis among U.S. adult transgender women.BMC public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDiscrimination related to gender identity may directly influence vulnerability to HIV through increased exposure to unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI). Little is known about the relationship between gender-based discrimination (GBD) and URAI with stable partners among transgender women.
methodsThis mixed-methods research began with a cross-sectional survey conducted between 2014 and 2016 with transgender women in Salvador, the capital city in one of the poorest regions in Brazil. Respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit the study population. GBD was defined through Latent Class Analysis. Additionally, 19 semi-structured interviews with participants were transcribed and analyzed through thematic content analysis.
resultsURAI with stable partners was commonly reported (37.3%). GDB was positively associated with URAI among stable partners (OR = 6.47; IC 95%: 1.67-25.02). The analysis of the interviews illustrated how GBD impacted transgender women in diverse ways. Experiences with GBD perpetrated by the family often initiated a trajectory of economic vulnerability that led many to engage in survival sex work. The constant experience with GBD contributed to participants feeling an immense sense of trust with their stable partners, ultimately diminished their desire to use condoms. Further, the high frequency of GBD contributed to poor mental health overall, though some participants said engagement in transgender advocacy efforts provided a vital source of resilience and support.
conclusionOur mixed-method study capitalizes upon the strengths of diverse data sets to produce a holistic understanding of GBD and URAI with stable partners. Furthermore, by confirming the association between greater GBD and URAI, we have demonstrated how GBD can impact condom negotiation in diverse relationships.
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