ReviewImmunology2018
Impacts of microbiome metabolites on immune regulation and autoimmunity.
Review in Immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 147 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
147 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 236 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Bibliometric analysis of global research trends on regulatory T cells in neurological diseases.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effectiveness and Safety of Probiotic Supplements for Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Preclinical Trials.Journal of immunology research · 2021Pooled it
- Metabolic switch: lymphocytes and the onset of T-cell-mediated autoimmunity.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Trimethylamine-producing microbe Bacillus megaterium KCTC 3007 promotes antitumor immunity in endometrial cancer via type I interferon response pathways.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Is Obesity a Modifiable Risk Factor in Multiple Sclerosis? Mechanistic Insights into Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Damage.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Post-traumatic stress disorder impairs CD8Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into how gut homeostasis and immune-system crosstalk shape ankylosing spondylitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Chinese yam polysaccharide promotes jejunal development, antioxidant defense, and mucosal immunity in weaned rats.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms linking intestinal barrier dysfunction to synovial inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota and metabolites as potential modulators of cognitive impairment after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a hypothesis-driven review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Functional fermented dairy products: a review of mechanisms, health potential, and technological challenges.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence empowers gut microbiota research in neurodegenerative diseases molecular mechanisms and precision therapy.iScience · 2025Review
- Exploring the etiology of colitis: insights from gut microbiota research.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Dietary Modulation of the Gut Microbiota in Dogs and Cats and Its Role in Disease Management.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Role of the Microbiome and Its Metabolites in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Impact of fish consumption on disability progression in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- Ramping up the Heat: Induction of Systemic and Pulmonary Immune Responses and Metabolic Adaptations in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Effects of Postbiotic Administration on Canine Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Microorganisms · 2025Review
87 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A vast number of studies have demonstrated a remarkable role for the gut microbiota and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS, have revealed that modifying certain intestinal bacterial populations may influence immune cell priming in the periphery, resulting in dysregulation of immune responses and neuroinflammatory processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Conversely, some commensal bacteria and their antigenic products can protect against inflammation within the CNS. Specific components of the gut microbiome have been implicated in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and subsequent generation of Th17 cells. Similarly, commensal bacteria and their metabolites can also promote the generation of regulatory T-cells (Treg), contributing to immune suppression. Short-chain fatty acids may induce Treg either by G-protein-coupled receptors or inhibition of histone deacetylases. Tryptophan metabolites may suppress inflammatory responses by acting on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in T-cells or astrocytes. Interestingly, secretion of these metabolites can be impaired by excess consumption of dietary components, such as long-chain fatty acids or salt, indicating that the diet represents an environmental factor affecting the complex crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the immune system. This review discusses new aspects of host-microbiota interaction and the immune system with a special focus on MS as a prototype T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the CNS.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.