ArticleFrontiers in neurology2018
The Neurocognitive and MRI Outcomes of West Nile Virus Infection: Preliminary Analysis Using an External Control Group.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zika virus infection induces a persistent accumulation of Alzheimer's disease-like Tau phosphorylation in adult immunocompetent mice in association with memory and social behavior impairments.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- The first outbreak of neuroinvasive West Nile virus infection in Istanbul area within 2019.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Sequelae of viral CNS infections including outcomes, mechanisms, and knowledge gaps.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- Extrapolation and comparison of West Nile virus- and Usutu virus-associated neurological diseases in humans: linking pathology to clinical symptoms.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease in Patients Treated With Anti-CD20 Therapies.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2025Article
- Clinical Phenotyping of Long COVID Patients Evaluated in a Specialized Neuro-COVID Clinic.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Neurological and neuromuscular manifestations in patients with West Nile neuroinvasive disease, Belgrade area, Serbia, season 2022.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- A Case of West Nile Encephalitis: Neuroimaging Findings and Clinico-Radiological Mismatch.Cureus · 2023Article
- Blockade of interferon signaling decreases gut barrier integrity and promotes severe West Nile virus disease.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Comparison of West Nile Virus Disease in Humans and Horses: Exploiting Similarities for Enhancing Syndromic Surveillance.Viruses · 2023Review
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- Comorbid conditions as risk factors for West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Ontario, Canada: a population-based cohort study.Epidemiology and infection · 2022Article
- Cognitive decline following acute viral infections: literature review and projections for post-COVID-19.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Review
- Viral Parkinsonism: An underdiagnosed neurological complication of Dengue virus infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of West Nile virus revisited eight decades after its first isolation.Virulence · 2021Article
- Adjunctive steroids in adults with encephalitis: a propensity score analysis.Journal of neurology · 2021Observational
- Encephalitic Arboviruses of Africa: Emergence, Clinical Presentation and Neuropathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Neural Infection by Oropouche Virus in Adult Human Brain Slices Induces an Inflammatory and Toxic Response.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To understand the long-term neurological outcomes resultant of West Nile virus (WNV) infection, participants from a previously established, prospective WNV cohort were invited to take part in a comprehensive neurologic and neurocognitive examination. Those with an abnormal exam finding were invited for MRI to evaluate cortical thinning and regional brain atrophy following infection. Correlations of presenting clinical syndrome with neurologic and neurocognitive dysfunctions were evaluated, as well as correlations of neurocognitive outcomes with MRI results. From 2002 to 2012, a total of 262 participants with a history of WNV infection were enrolled as research participants in a longitudinal cohort study, and 117 completed comprehensive neurologic and neurocognitive evaluations. Abnormal neurological exam findings were identified in 49% (57/117) of participants, with most abnormalities being unilateral. The most common abnormalities included decreased strength (26%; 30/117), abnormal reflexes (14%; 16/117), and tremors (10%; 12/117). Weakness and decreased reflexes were consistent with lower motor neuron damage in a significant proportion of patients. We observed a 22% overall rate of impairment on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), with impairments observed in immediate (31%) and delayed memory (25%). On MRI, participants showed significant cortical thinning as compared to age- and gender-matched controls in both hemispheres, with affected regions primarily occurring in the frontal and limbic cortices. Regional atrophy occurred in the cerebellum, brain stem, thalamus, putamen, and globus pallidus. This study provides valuable new information regarding the neurological outcomes following WNV infection, with MRI evidence of significant cortical thinning and regional atrophy; however, it is important to note that the results may include systemic bias due to the external control group. Considering no effective treatment measures are available, strategies to prevent infection are key.
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