ArticleBMC public health2018
Experiences of young smokers in quitting smoking in twin cities of Pakistan: a phenomenological study.
Article in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bridging the Gap in Smoking Cessation: Unveiling Tobacco Harm Reduction in Pakistan Through Print Media Content Analysis.BioMed research international · 2025Article
- Literacy among tobacco users and healthcare professionals about tobacco harm reduction strategies: a scoping review protocol.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Smoking Attitudes and Behaviors Among Adolescents in the Gaza Strip: Findings From the 2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
- Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of Passive Smoking Among Medical and Dental Students of Karachi: A Survey-Based Study.Tobacco use insights · 2024Article
- Methods and factors influencing successful smoking cessation in Thailand: A case-control study among smokers at the community level.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Factors motivating smoking cessation: a cross-sectional study in a lower-middle-income country.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Indonesian adolescents' perspectives on smoking habits: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Barriers to Cigarette Smoking Cessation in Pakistan: Evidence from Qualitative Analysis.Journal of smoking cessation · 2021Article
- Reasons for and Scenarios Associated with Failure to Cease Smoking: Results from a Qualitative Study Among Polish Smokers Who Had Unsuccessfully Attempted to Quit.Patient preference and adherence · 2021Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSmoking is highly prevalent in Pakistan claiming the lives of over 100,000 individuals every year. A significant proportion of smokers (24.7%) make an attempt to quit each year but 97.4% fail to quit successfully. Little is known about the reasons for, and experiences of, failed quit attempts. This study was carried out to explore the experiences of young male smokers in quitting smoking in the twin cities of Pakistan
methodA qualitative study was carried out using a phenomenological approach in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. A total of 11 participants were interviewed. All study participants were male and had made at least one quit attempt. Study participants were a mix of smokers who failed to quit smoking, intermittent smokers and successful quitters. Streubert's (1991) method of phenomenology was followed during data analysis.
resultsThe experiences of smokers while smoking "the smoking phase" have major effects on their journey towards quitting smoking. The smoking phase consists of three major stages: contact with initial smoking stimuli, the journey from first puff to enjoying smoking and then finally smoking becoming part of life. However, the journey towards quitting smoking is not as simple as the journey towards becoming a smoker. Instead, smokers get trapped in three overlapping cycles of smoking and quit attempts: smoking & forced quitting, smoking & intentional quitting, and smoking & intermittent smoking before successful quitting. Breaking the cycle is not easy in the presence of trapping factors (addiction, high availability, easy affordability, conducive social setup and low perceived risks of smoking). Three factors play a major role in breaking these cycles which are strong will power, continuous peer support and avoidance of smokers' company.
conclusionA young smoker, during his experience of quitting smoking gets entrapped in several overlapping cycles of smoking & quit attempts before successful quitting. There are known entrapping factors as well as factors which help in breaking these cycles. Targeted interventions are needed to facilitate smoking cessation among young smokers in Pakistan.
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