Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29636024›Full record

ArticleBMC nephrology2018

An ontological approach to identifying cases of chronic kidney disease from routine primary care data: a cross-sectional study.

Nicholas I Cole, Harshana Liyanage, Rebecca J Suckling, Pauline A Swift, Hugh Gallagher, Rachel Byford, John Williams, Shankar Kumar, Simon de Lusignan

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC nephrology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Global health inequalities of chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024
    Pooled it
  2. A multi-view validation framework for LLM-generated knowledge graphs of chronic kidney disease.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. A comparison of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor kidney outcome trial participants with a real-world chronic kidney disease primary care population.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024
    Article
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  10. A clinical audit of the diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease in a primary care clinic.Malaysian family physician : the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia · 2021
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  19. Building confidence in digital health through metrology.The British journal of radiology · 2020
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Nicholas I ColeSouth West Thames Renal Department, St Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane, Carshalton, UK. ncole@doctors.org.uk.ORCID 0000-0002-5379-580X
Harshana LiyanageDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Rebecca J SucklingSouth West Thames Renal Department, St Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane, Carshalton, UK.
Pauline A SwiftSouth West Thames Renal Department, St Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane, Carshalton, UK.
Hugh GallagherSouth West Thames Renal Department, St Helier Hospital, Wrythe Lane, Carshalton, UK.
Rachel ByfordDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
John WilliamsDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Shankar KumarDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
Simon de LusignanDepartment of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
University of Surrey · GBSt Helier Hospital · GB

Funding

Department of Health PB-PG-0711-25147
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAccurately identifying cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) from primary care data facilitates the management of patients, and is vital for surveillance and research purposes. Ontologies provide a systematic and transparent basis for clinical case definition and can be used to identify clinical codes relevant to all aspects of CKD care and its diagnosis.

methodsWe used routinely collected primary care data from the Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre. A domain ontology was created and presented in Ontology Web Language (OWL). The identification and staging of CKD was then carried out using two parallel approaches: (1) clinical coding consistent with a diagnosis of CKD; (2) laboratory-confirmed CKD, based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or the presence of proteinuria.

resultsThe study cohort comprised of 1.2 million individuals aged 18 years and over. 78,153 (6.4%) of the population had CKD on the basis of an eGFR of < 60 mL/min/1.73m

conclusionsFinding cases of CKD from primary care data using an ontological approach may have greater sensitivity than less comprehensive methods, particularly for identifying those receiving renal replacement therapy or with CKD stages 1 or 2. However, the possibility of inaccurate coding may limit the specificity of this method.

Indexed as

Biological OntologiesPrimary Health CareAdultAgedAged, 80 and overClinical CodingCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceProteinuriaRenal Insufficiency, ChronicRenal Replacement TherapyChronic kidney diseaseeGFREpidemiologyOntologyProteinuria

Identifiers

PMID29636024
PMCPMC5894169
OpenAlexW2801297032

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.