ArticleJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA2018
Toward a normalized clinical drug knowledge base in China-applying the RxNorm model to Chinese clinical drugs.
Article in Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Representing Traditional East Asian Medicine in International Health Informatics Standards: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Challenges and Solutions in Deploying Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms in the Chinese Healthcare Context.Health care science · 2026Article
- A dataset for mapping the Japanese drugs to RxNorm standard concepts.Data in brief · 2025Article
- Efficient evidence selection for systematic reviews in traditional Chinese medicine.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Mapping Drug Terms via Integration of a Retrieval-Augmented Generation Algorithm with a Large Language Model.Healthcare informatics research · 2024Article
- Toward a unified understanding of drug-drug interactions: mapping Japanese drug codes to RxNorm concepts.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2024Article
- Design and development of a disease-specific clinical database system to increase the availability of hospital data in China.Health information science and systems · 2023Article
- Information Extraction from the Text Data on Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Review on Tasks, Challenges, and Methods from 2010 to 2021.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Review
- iDISK: the integrated DIetary Supplements Knowledge base.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2020Article
- Normalizing Dietary Supplement Product Names Using the RxNorm Model.Studies in health technology and informatics · 2019Article
- Comparing the representation of medicinal products in RxNorm and SNOMED CT - Consequences on interoperability.CEUR workshop proceedings · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: In recent years, electronic health record systems have been widely implemented in China, making clinical data available electronically. However, little effort has been devoted to making drug information exchangeable among these systems. This study aimed to build a Normalized Chinese Clinical Drug (NCCD) knowledge base, by applying and extending the information model of RxNorm to Chinese clinical drugs. Methods: Chinese drugs were collected from 4 major resources-China Food and Drug Administration, China Health Insurance Systems, Hospital Pharmacy Systems, and China Pharmacopoeia-for integration and normalization in NCCD. Chemical drugs were normalized using the information model in RxNorm without much change. Chinese patent drugs (i.e., Chinese herbal extracts), however, were represented using an expanded RxNorm model to incorporate the unique characteristics of these drugs. A hybrid approach combining automated natural language processing technologies and manual review by domain experts was then applied to drug attribute extraction, normalization, and further generation of drug names at different specification levels. Lastly, we reported the statistics of NCCD, as well as the evaluation results using several sets of randomly selected Chinese drugs. Results: The current version of NCCD contains 16 976 chemical drugs and 2663 Chinese patent medicines, resulting in 19 639 clinical drugs, 250 267 unique concepts, and 2 602 760 relations. By manual review of 1700 chemical drugs and 250 Chinese patent drugs randomly selected from NCCD (about 10%), we showed that the hybrid approach could achieve an accuracy of 98.60% for drug name extraction and normalization. Using a collection of 500 chemical drugs and 500 Chinese patent drugs from other resources, we showed that NCCD achieved coverages of 97.0% and 90.0% for chemical drugs and Chinese patent drugs, respectively. Conclusion: Evaluation results demonstrated the potential to improve interoperability across various electronic drug systems in China.
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