ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2018
Contribution of Smoking to Tuberculosis Incidence and Mortality in High-Tuberculosis-Burden Countries.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of smoking with depression among tuberculosis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in active tuberculosis in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of smoking on tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a meta-analysis.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2020Pooled it
- Age-period-cohort analysis of pulmonary tuberculosis epidemiological trends from 2005 to 2024 and forecasts for 2035 in Sichuan Province, China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Cox Proportional Hazards Model Analysis of Survival Among Tuberculosis Patients Under Treatment in Mbuji-Mayi, Democratic Republic of the Congo.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2026Article
- [Disease, social, and economic burden of smoking in Brazil and the impact of tax increases on the economy and on the reduction of morbidity and mortality].Cadernos de saude publica · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of smoking on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes and potential mechanistic pathways: a multicountry cohort study.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Observational
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Healthcare Workers in a Mexican Tertiary Care Hospital.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Incidence and risk factors for tuberculosis at a rural HIV clinic in Uganda, 2012-2019; A retrospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis Trends in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Is It Going to be a Global Concern?Health science reports · 2025Article
- Sex differences in tuberculosis infection and disease among people with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Article
- A scoping review about smoking, smoking cessation and their effects on anti-tuberculosis agents: insights into drug metabolisms, safety, and effectiveness.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- From pandemic to endemic: assessing the impact of COVID-19 history and socio-demographic factors on quality of life in tuberculosis patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burdens of MDR-TB attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2021 with a prediction from 2022 to 2050.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Medicinal plants: bioactive compounds, biological activities, combating multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and human health benefits - a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Predictors of treatment failure among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis attending public health facilities in Nairobi county.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- A retrospective study of zoonotic tuberculosis among livestock farmers of Lahore district using one health approach.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2024Article
- Analysis of the epidemiological trends of Tuberculosis in China from 2000 to 2021 based on the joinpoint regression model.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Globally, 10 million incident cases of tuberculosis (TB) are reported annually, and 95% of TB cases and 80% of tobacco users reside in low- and middle-income countries. Smoking approximately doubles the risk of TB disease and TB mortality. We estimated the proportion of annual incident TB cases and TB mortality attributable to tobacco smoking in 32 high-TB-burden countries. We obtained country-specific estimates of TB incidence, TB mortality, and smoking prevalence from the World Health Organization Global TB Report (2017), tobacco surveillance reports (2015), and the Tobacco Atlas. Risk ratios for the effect of smoking on TB incidence and TB mortality were obtained from published meta-analyses. An estimated 17.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.4, 21.4) of TB cases and 15.2% (95% CI: 1.8, 31.9) of TB mortality were attributable to smoking. Among high-TB-burden countries, Russia had the highest proportion of smoking-attributable TB disease (31.6%, 95% CI: 15.9, 37.6) and deaths (28.1%, 95% CI: 3.8, 51.4). Men had a greater proportion of TB cases attributable to smoking (30.3%, 95% CI: 14.7, 36.6) than did women (4.3, 95% CI: 1.7, 5.7). Our findings highlight the need for tobacco control in high-TB-burden countries to combat TB incidence and TB mortality.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.