ReviewFunctional neurology
Pharmacological differences and clinical implications of various botulinum toxin preparations: a critical appraisal.
Review in Functional neurology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Use of Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Headache Disorders.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Trial
- Ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injection in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis: comparison of plantar fascia origin injection and the babcock method-a randomized controlled trial.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Factors Associated With Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging After Botulinum Toxin Injection for Masseter Hypertrophy: A Retrospective Analysis.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Article
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- Botulinum Neurotoxins: History, Mechanism, and Applications. A Narrative Review.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Exploring Nonresponse to Botulinum Toxin in Aesthetics: Narrative Review of Key Trigger Factors and Effective Management Strategies.JMIR dermatology · 2025Review
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- Comparative analysis of onabotulinum toxin type-A injection techniques in older adults with blepharospasm: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
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- Phase I Trial to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Preliminary Efficacy of OBI-858 for Treatment of Glabellar Lines.Dermatology and therapy · 2024Article
- Muscle type-specific effects of bilateral abobotulinumtoxinA injection on muscle growth and contractile function in spastic mice.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- Mobile digital gait analysis captures effects of botulinum toxin in hereditary spastic paraplegia.European journal of neurology · 2024Observational
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- Association analyses between the variants ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- Botulinum Toxin Injection into the Digastric Muscle: Current Clinical Use and a Report of Five Cases.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Replacement of the Mouse LDToxins · 2023Article
- Distribution of Cleaved SNAP-25 in the Rat Brain, following Unilateral Injection of Botulinum Neurotoxin-A into the Striatum.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A Preclinical Study Comparing the Activity and Potency of OnabotulinumtoxinA and PrabotulinumtoxinA.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Three different type A botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTAs) - onabotulinumtoxinA, abobotulinumtoxinA and incobotulinumtoxinA) - are currently marketed in Europe to treat several conditions. Differences between BoNTA preparations, which depend on their specific biotypes and manufacturing processes, lead to clinically relevant pharmacotherapeutic dissimilarities. All three available products are separately recognized and reviewed in American Academy of Neurology guidelines. The neurotoxin load/100U is likewise different among the different BoNTAs, with the result that the specific potency of the 150kD BoNTA neurotoxin is calculated as 137 units/ng for onabotulinumtoxinA, 154 units/ng for abobotulinumtoxinA, and 227 units/ng for incobotulinumtoxinA. It is important for clinicians to have all three BoNTAs available in order to choose the most suitable preparation for the specific indication in the single patient. Commercially available BoNTAs must be recognized as different from one another, and therefore as non-interchangeable. The essential experience of the clinician is of the utmost importance in choosing the most appropriate treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.