ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2018
Protozoal coinfection in horses with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in the eastern United States.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serologic and molecular survey ofOpen veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Seroepidemiological study ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Gastrointestinal parasite infestation in the alpine mountain hare (International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2019Article
- Review
- Protozoal coinfection in horses with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis in the eastern United States.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2018Article
- Effect of Long-Term Freezing on Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Titers for the Diagnosis of Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfection by 2 or more protozoa is linked with increased severity of disease in marine mammals with protozoan encephalitis. HYPOTHESIS/
objectivesTo assess whether horses with equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) caused by Sarcocystis neurona also have evidence of infection with Neospora hughesi or Toxoplasma gondii. We hypothesized that horses with EPM would be more likely than horses with cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy (CVSM) to be positive for antibodies to multiple protozoan parasites. ANIMALS: One hundred one horses with neurologic disease: 49 with EPM and 52 with CVSM.
methodsCase review. Archived serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 101 horses were examined. Inclusion criteria included neurologic disease, antemortem or postmortem diagnosis of EPM or CVSM, and availability of serological results or archived samples for testing. Additional testing for antibodies was performed on serum for T. gondii, as well as serum and CSF for N. hughesi.
resultsHorses with EPM were more likely than horses with CVSM to have positive immunologic results for S. neurona on serum (95.9% versus 76.9%, P = .0058), CSF (98.0% versus 44.2%, P < .00001), and serum : CSF titer ratio (91.8% versus 0%, P < .00001). Positive results for Neospora and Toxoplasma were uncommon, with total seroprevalence rates of 12.9% and 14.9%, respectively. The proportions of EPM cases testing positive for Neospora and Toxoplasma (16% and 12%) were not different from the proportions of CVSM cases testing positive (10% and 17%, P = .31 and .47, respectively).
conclusionResults do not indicate an important role for protozoal coinfection in EPM in the eastern United States.
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