Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation: 2 years follow-up outcomes in the management of anticholinergic refractory overactive bladder.

purposeTo evaluate long-term use, efficacy and tolerability of transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) in the treatment of refractory overactive bladder (OAB).

methodsWe performed a prospective observational study and included all patients treated in a single center for OAB persisting after first-line anticholinergic treatment, with ≥ 24 months follow-up. The protocol consisted of daily stimulation at home. The primary outcome was treatment persistence. Amelioration was defined as an improvement in urinary symptom profile (USP) score.

resultsWe assessed 84 consecutive patients. After a mean follow-up of 39.3 months and a mean treatment use of 8.3 months, almost two-thirds of patients (71.8%) had discontinued TTNS. Treatment continuation was > 12 months for 28 patients (33.3%) and > 18 months for 16 patients (19%). TTNS was successful following 3 months of treatment in 60 (71%) patients. Mean USP score stayed significantly lower than baseline until 12 months of treatment, but was not significant anymore after 18 months. Discontinuation therapy reasons were a lack of sufficient symptom relief for 59 (70%) patients, compliance difficulty for 5 (6%) patients and becoming asymptomatic for 6 (8%) patients. No serious adverse events occurred.

conclusionsThe present study confirms the utility of TTNS as a treatment option for patients with resistant OAB. In the long-term use, few patients continued with therapy, mostly because of a decreased effectiveness with time.