ArticleOncoimmunology
Blockade of Tumor-Expressed PD-1 promotes lung cancer growth.
Article in Oncoimmunology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02318771 (An Exploratory Study to Investigate the Immunomodulatory Activity of Radiation Therapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 86 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Exploratory Study to Investigate the Immunomodulatory Activity of Radiation Therapy (RT) in Combination With MK-3475 in Patients With Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck, Renal Cell Cancer, Melanoma and Lung Cancer
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hyperprogressive disease in patients suffering from solid malignancies treated by immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical characteristics of hyperprogressive disease in NSCLC after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitor: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2020Pooled it
- Fast progression in non-small cell lung cancer: results from the randomized phase III OAK study evaluating second-line atezolizumab versus docetaxel.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Trial
- Survivin/BIRC5-derived peptide disrupts survivin dimerization and cell division and induces multifaceted anti-cancer effects.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- The immune checkpoint LAG-3 is expressed by melanoma cells and correlates with clinical progression of the melanoma.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 regulates chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer cells by activating downstream MAPK signaling.BJC reports · 2025Article
- Claudin-4 as a dual regulator of genome stability and immune evasion in high grade serous ovarian cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- shRNA-based PD-1 suppression preserves memory phenotype and function of CD19-targeted CAR-T cell.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2 Expression as Predictive Markers in Rare Feline Mammary Tumors.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- TIM-3 teams up with PD-1 in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms and perspectives.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Programmed cell death protein 1 in cancer cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Engineered PD-L1 co-expression in PD-1 knockout and MAGE-C2-targeting TCR-T cells augments the cytotoxic efficacy toward target cancer cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- PD-1 interactome in osteosarcoma: identification of a novel PD-1/AXL interaction conserved between humans and dogs.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Notch Signaling and PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Potentialities of Combined Therapies.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Expression of Immune Checkpoint Regulator Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Cell Death Protein Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Breast.Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2024Article
- Hyperprogressive disease in patients with advanced cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Article
- PD-L2 of tumor-derived exosomes mediates the immune escape of cancer cells via the impaired T cell function.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- The Expression of PDL-1 and PD1 in the Microenvironment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- Type I interferon signaling induces melanoma cell-intrinsic PD-1 and its inhibition antagonizes immune checkpoint blockade.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Interaction of SMAC with a survivin-derived peptide alters essential cancer hallmarks: Tumor growth, inflammation, and immunosuppression.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2024Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy is the standard of care for treating many patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet mechanisms of treatment failure are emerging. We present a case of NSCLC, who rapidly progressed during a trial (NCT02318771) combining palliative radiotherapy and pembrolizumab. Planned tumor biopsy demonstrated PD-1 expression by NSCLC cells. We validated this observation by detecting PD-1 transcript in lung cancer cells and by co-localizing PD-1 and lung cancer-specific markers in resected lung cancer tissues. We further investigated the biological role of cancer-intrinsic PD-1 in a mouse lung cancer cell line, M109. Knockout or antibody blockade of PD-1 enhanced M109 viability in-vitro, while PD-1 overexpression and exposure to recombinant PD-L1 diminished viability. PD-1 blockade accelerated growth of M109-xenograft tumors with increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis in immune-deficient mice. This represents a first-time report of NSCLC-intrinsic PD-1 expression and a potential mechanism by which PD-1 blockade may promote cancer growth.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.