SynthesisCMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne2018
Consolidated principles for screening based on a systematic review and consensus process.
Synthesis in CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 164 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
164 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of sight-threatening ocular abnormalities identified by retinal examination in neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pediatrics · 2026Pooled it
- Key stakeholder views on atrial fibrillation screening: a systematic mixed-studies review and interpretive analysis.Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Pooled it
- Machine learning algorithms and their predictive accuracy for suicide and self-harm: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Anxiety subscale (HADS-A) for detecting anxiety disorders in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Asymptomatic viruses detectable in saliva in the first year of life: a narrative review.Pediatric research · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Absorbing it all: A meta-ethnography of parents' unfolding experiences of newborn screening.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Pooled it
- Principles of Genomic Newborn Screening Programs: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- Onasemnogene abeparvovec for presymptomatic infants with two copies of SMN2 at risk for spinal muscular atrophy type 1: the Phase III SPR1NT trial.Nature medicine · 2022Trial
- Serum Protein Electrophoresis May Be Used as a Screening Tool for Antibody Deficiency in Children and Adolescents.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Article
- Why Organised Cancer Screening Works: Lessons from Slovenia and the Next Phase of Evidence-Based Implementation.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2026Article
- Public (un)willingness to trade-off benefits and harms in decisions about cancer screening: A discrete choice experiment.Journal of medical screening · 2026Article
- Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II Screening, Diagnosis, and Management: A Literature Review and Practical Recommendations for Newborn Screening Programs and Health Care Providers to Support Families and Improve Outcomes.International journal of neonatal screening · 2026Review
- Is the future of atrial fibrillation screening a landscape without humans?Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2026Article
- How has Acceptability Been Defined and Measured in Cancer Screening Research? A Scoping Review.Psycho-oncology · 2026Article
- Reply to the Letter to the Editor: Artificial intelligence for prostate MRI screening-methodological considerations regarding reference standards and reader design.European radiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Pilot study of EsoCheck/EsoGuard for detecting Barrett's esophagus in high-risk patients undergoing hiatal hernia repair.Surgical endoscopy · 2026Article
- Impact of lung cancer screening eligibility criteria on participants' characteristics and healthcare resources.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
104 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 1968, Wilson and Jungner published 10 principles of screening that often represent the de facto starting point for screening decisions today; 50 years on, are these principles still the right ones? Our objectives were to review published work that presents principles for population-based screening decisions since Wilson and Jungner's seminal publication, and to conduct a Delphi consensus process to assess the review results.
methodsWe conducted a systematic review and modified Delphi consensus process. We searched multiple databases for articles published in English in 1968 or later that were intended to guide population-based screening decisions, described development and modification of principles, and presented principles as a set or list. Identified sets were compared for basic characteristics (e.g., number, categorization), a citation analysis was conducted, and principles were iteratively synthesized and consolidated into categories to assess evolution. Participants in the consensus process assessed the level of agreement with the importance and interpretability of the consolidated screening principles.
resultsWe identified 41 sets and 367 unique principles. Each unique principle was coded to 12 consolidated decision principles that were further categorized as disease/condition, test/intervention or program/system principles. Program or system issues were the focus of 3 of Wilson and Jungner's 10 principles, but comprised almost half of all unique principles identified in the review. The 12 consolidated principles were assessed through 2 rounds of the consensus process, leading to specific refinements to improve their relevance and interpretability. No gaps or missing principles were identified.
interpretationWilson and Jungner's principles are remarkably enduring, but increasingly reflect a truncated version of contemporary thinking on screening that does not fully capture subsequent focus on program or system principles. Ultimately, this review and consensus process provides a comprehensive and iterative modernization of guidance to inform population-based screening decisions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.