ArticleAddictive behaviors2018
Diffusion of medication drop-boxes in North Carolina from 2007 to 2016.
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bibliometric Analysis and Review of Global Academic Research on Drug Take-Back Programs.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Quantifying Antimicrobial Disposals at Six Community Pharmacies With Longitudinal Medication Disposal Programs: An Underappreciated Component of a One Health Approach to Antimicrobial Stewardship.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Implementation of Medication Disposal Programs and Availability of Same-Day Naloxone at Community Pharmacies: Protocol for a Secret Shopper Caller Approach.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Medication disposal within reach: Assessing implementation of permanent disposal receptacles in community pharmacies.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Perceptions of disposal options for unused opioid analgesics among people who have been prescribed an opioid analgesic in North Carolina.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2024Article
- Drug Deactivation Pouches for Primary Prevention of Opioid Overdose: Perceptions and Attitudes of Community Members.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM · 2024Article
- Drug disposal deserts: An assessment of receptacle availability in Kentucky community pharmacies.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2024Article
- The Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach (ORCCA): Evidence-based practices in the HEALing Communities Study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Modifiable Risk Factors Associated With Disposal of Unused Prescription Drugs by Parents of Adolescents.The journal of primary prevention · 2020Article
- Encouraging Disposal of Unused Opioid Analgesics in Appalachia.Drugs (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
- Inappropriate opioid prescription after surgery.Lancet (London, England) · 2019Review
- Rural Emergency Medical Service Providers Perceptions on the Causes of and Solutions to the Opioid Crisis: A Qualitative Assessment.Journal of primary care & community healthArticle
- Rates and correlates of medicine disposal program implementation at pharmacies in North Carolina: A longitudinal study, 2016-2021.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionA permanent drug donation box ("drop-box") is one strategy implemented in communities across the United States to reduce the availability of excess controlled medications, including prescription opioids, for diversion. The objective of this study was to examine correlates of the diffusion and implementation of drop-boxes in North Carolina.
methodsWe assessed the number and location of drop-boxes implemented in North Carolina. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine covariates associated with drop-box implementation in NC counties (n = 100) between 2007 and 2016.
resultsThere were 311 drop-boxes implemented in 91 (out of 100) counties. Most drop-boxes were in law enforcement agencies (78.8%) and a growing number were in pharmacies (14.5%). Counties with a higher percentage of whites, more educated residents, a substance abuse prevention coalition, higher rates of controlled medications dispensed and prescription opioid overdose, and that were Appalachian were more likely to be early adopters. Rural counties were less likely to have a drop-box. In the multivariate model, only higher rate of controlled medicines dispensed was significant.
conclusionsA growing number of drop-boxes are being implemented in law enforcement offices and pharmacies. Given that communities with higher rates of controlled medication dispensing likely have the highest need for disposal opportunities, it is promising that they are early adopters of drop-boxes. Future research should assess the effectiveness of drop-boxes as they become more widespread in a variety of locations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.