ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2018
Lower vitamin D levels in Saudi pregnant women are associated with higher risk of developing GDM.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Climate factors and gestational diabetes mellitus risk - a systematic review.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2020Pooled it
- Maternal and birth cohort studies in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Evaluation of the efficacy of two doses of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic, lipidemic and oxidative stress biomarkers during pregnancy: a randomized clinical trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Trial
- First Trimester Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Mexican Cohort.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Vitamin D Deficiency and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Western Countries: A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Maternal Nutrition and Gestational Weight Gain Among Saudi Women: Riyadh Mother and Baby Follow Up Study (RAHMA Explore).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Impact of the First Trimester and Second Trimester Temperature, Air Pollutants, and Seasonal Variations on the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Twin Pregnancies.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- A systematic review and meta analysis on the effect of vitamin D in preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.AIMS public health · 2025Review
- Association of VDR gene variant rs2228570-Heliyon · 2024Article
- Seasonal Pattern in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Poland: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Biology · 2023Article
- Relevance of Serum Levels and Functional Genetic Variants in Vitamin D Receptor Gene among Saudi Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- Evidence That Increasing Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations to 30 ng/mL in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates Could Greatly Improve Health Outcomes.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Pathophysiological impact of CXC and CX3CL1 chemokines in preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Early-Onset of Gestational Diabetes vs. Late-Onset: Can We Revamp Pregnancy Outcomes?Iranian journal of public health · 2022Article
- High early pregnancy serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level, within a sub-optimal range, is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.Nutrition research and practice · 2022Article
- The Association Between FokI Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms With Metabolic Syndrome Among Pregnant Arab Women.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- The Impact of Nutritional Supplementation During Pregnancy on the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes and Glycaemia Control.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Effects of Different Glucose-Lowering Measures on Maternal and Infant Outcomes in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Network Meta-analysis.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2021Article
- Probiotic supplements alleviate gestational diabetes mellitus by restoring the diversity of gut microbiota: a study based on 16S rRNA sequencing.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has serious consequences such as increased risks of preeclampsia, macrosomia and cesarean delivery. Even though the mechanistic basis of GDM has not been completely understood, several risk factors have been identified and one of these is vitamin D. However, the link between vitamin D deficiency and development of GDM is yet to be proven with certainty.
methodsThis study aimed to investigate the link between the incidence of GDM and serum vitamin D level in pregnant women of Saudi Arabia. 515 Saudi women (ages 18-46) in their 24-28th week of pregnancy, visiting various hospitals of Riyadh, participated in this study. Serum vitamin D and various biochemical and anthropometric parameters were determined in the first trimester and the recruits were screened for GDM by OGTT according to IADPSG criteria in their 2nd trimester. The association between vitamin D deficiency and development of GDM was calculated based on odds ratio of the incidence of GDM among vitamin D deficient and normal women.
resultsIn this study cohort of 515 pregnant women, in the first trimester vitamin D deficiency (< 50 nmol/l) was detected in 425 (82.5%). On their 2nd visit (2nd trimester), 116 (27.7%) were diagnosed with GDM out of 419 with OGTT, according to IADPSG criteria. GDM risk was significantly higher among vitamin D deficient than non-deficient women (Odds Ratio: 2.87; Confidence Interval: 1.32-6.25; P = 0.008) even after adjusting for season, sun exposure and vitamin D intake (OR: 2.9; CI: 1.07-7.89). Of the various anthropometric and biochemical parameters, the GDM women differed significantly from non-GDM women with respect to serum levels of triglycerides (in mmol/l) (1.3 ± 0.6; 1.5 ± 0.6, p = 0.018) and fasting glucose (in mmol/l) [4.7 (4.3-5.2); 5.1 (4.6-5.6), p < 0.01]. Also, fasting glucose level in the 2nd trimester correlated inversely to serum vitamin D level determined during the 1st trimester (r = - 0.121; p = 0.014).
conclusionsResults of our study reveal a significantly higher risk of development of GDM among pregnant women having deficient vitamin D status.
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