ArticleDrug delivery2018
Improving the topical ocular pharmacokinetics of lyophilized cyclosporine A-loaded micelles: formulation, in vitro and in vivo studies.
Article in Drug delivery, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of seven cyclosporine A formulations for dry eye disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- From design to Deployment: The innovative role of nanomicelles in targeted ophthalmic therapeutics.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Baicalin nano-micelles for dry eye disease: LC-MS/MS method validation, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in preclinical models.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025Article
- Nanomedicine-Based Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Ocular Diseases.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- The advancement of nanosystems for drug delivery in the prevention and treatment of dental caries.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Cyclosporine a in the treatment of dry eye disease: a narrative review.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Nanomedicine in glaucoma treatment; Current challenges and future perspectives.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Drug-Modified Contact Lenses-Properties, Release Kinetics, and Stability of Active Substances with Particular Emphasis on Cyclosporine A: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Freeze-drying revolution: unleashing the potential of lyophilization in advancing drug delivery systems.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Seeing the Future: A Review of Ocular Therapy.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Studies on cationic ocular emulsions containing bipartitioned oil droplets to codeliver cyclosporin A and etodolac.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2024Article
- Research progress of ophthalmic preparations of immunosuppressants.Drug delivery · 2023Review
- Studies on spray dried topical ophthalmic emulsions containing cyclosporin A (0.05% w/w): systematic optimization, in vitro preclinical toxicity and in vivo assessments.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Article
- Overcoming Treatment Challenges in Posterior Segment Diseases with Biodegradable Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Breaking Barriers in Eye Treatment: Polymeric Nano-Based Drug-Delivery System for Anterior Segment Diseases and Glaucoma.Polymers · 2023Review
- Unveiling the therapeutic potential of cabozantinib-loaded poly D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid and polysarcosine nanoparticles in inducing apoptosis and cytotoxicity in human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines andFrontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Recent development of polymer nanomicelles in the treatment of eye diseases.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Engineering Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Dry Eye: A Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is one of the most common disorders of the eye for which combined treatment includes modification of the ocular environment and pathogenic therapies. Cyclosporine A (CsA), a immunosuppressive agent, has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of DES but is limited clinically by its low ocular bioavailability due to poor water solubility. In this paper, methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (lactide) polymer (mPEG-PLA) micelles were investigated as alternative vehicles for the solubilization and delivery of CsA to the eye. The in vitro stability indicated that CsA-loaded micellar lyophilized powder was stable for at least 3 months and the release profile showed a sustained release manner of CsA from micelles physically. In vivo ocular distribution studies demonstrated that the micellar formulations exhibited a 4.5-fold increase in retention effect at eyes compared with 0.05% CsA emulsion. In addition, the in vivo pharmacokinetics profile showed that the CsA-loaded micelles could enhance the retention time, achieving longer effect toward the DES. These studies proposed an effective micelle formulation as a novel ocular drug delivery system to improve solubility and bioavailability of ophthalmic CsA-controlled delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.