ArticleJournal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea)2018
Diagnostic Utility of the Three-Step Test According to the Presence of the Trochlear Nerve in Superior Oblique Palsy.
Article in Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional Anatomy of Ocular Counter-Rolling in Superior Oblique Palsy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Evaluating ocular torsion following inferior oblique weakening in superior oblique palsy: a pilot study using color fundus photography and spectral domain optical coherence tomography.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Surgical Management of Masquerading Superior Oblique Palsy.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Comparison of head tilt test between sagging eye syndrome and acquired unilateral trochlear nerve palsy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Isolated inferior oblique pareses.International ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Masquerading Superior Oblique Palsy.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- An Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Vestibular, Cerebellar, and Oculomotor Disorders Using a Systematized Clinical Bedside Examination.Cerebellum (London, England) · 2021Article
- How Successful is Combined Superior and Inferior Oblique Muscle Surgery in Young Children with Superior Oblique Underaction Presenting in Infancy with a Severe Head Tilt?The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeTo determine the diagnostic utility of the three-step test in unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP) according to the presence of the trochlear nerve using high-resolution thin-section magnetic resonance imaging.
methodsIn total, 166 patients with congenital and acquired unilateral SOP were included, comprising 87 with a normal trochlear nerve (present group) and 79 without a trochlear nerve (absent group). The sensitivity of each component of the three-step test was evaluated as well as factors related to the sensitivity.
resultsAll three steps were positive in 78% of those in the present group and 72% of those in the absent group, demonstrating no intergroup difference (p=0.471). Superior rectus muscle (SR) contracture was more frequent in patients who exhibited at least one negative step (incomplete group) (p=0.014). The incomplete group was significantly related to larger hypertropia in ipsilateral gaze (p<0.001), smaller hypertropia in contralateral gaze (p<0.001), and smaller differences in hypertropia between ipsilateral head tilt and the primary position (p=0.012).
conclusionsThe diagnostic utility of the three-step test in unilateral SOP did not differ according to the presence of the trochlear nerve. SR contracture was the main cause of exceptions of the three-step test in unilateral SOP.
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