Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29628149›Full record

ArticleVaccine2018

Distribution of rotavirus genotypes associated with acute diarrhoea in Zimbabwean children less than five years old before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction.

Arnold Mukaratirwa, Chipo Berejena, Pasipanodya Nziramasanga, Ismail Ticklay, Archebald Gonah, Kusum Nathoo, Portia Manangazira, Douglas Mangwanya, Joan Marembo, Jason M Mwenda and 6 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.4field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Article
  7. Detection and evaluation of rotavirus surveillance methods as viral indicator in the aquatic environments.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2021
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.

Arnold MukaratirwaDepartment of Medical Microbiology (University of Zimbabwe-College of Health Sciences), Zimbabwe; National Virology Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Zimbabwe. Electronic address: amukaratirwa@yahoo.com.
Chipo BerejenaDepartment of Medical Microbiology (University of Zimbabwe-College of Health Sciences), Zimbabwe; National Virology Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Zimbabwe.
Pasipanodya NziramasangaDepartment of Medical Microbiology (University of Zimbabwe-College of Health Sciences), Zimbabwe; National Virology Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Zimbabwe.
Ismail TicklayDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health (University of Zimbabwe-College of Health Sciences), Zimbabwe.
Archebald GonahPaediatric Ward, Chitungwiza Central Hospital, Zimbabwe.
Kusum NathooDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health (University of Zimbabwe-College of Health Sciences), Zimbabwe.
Portia ManangaziraEpidemiology and Disease Control Directorate, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Zimbabwe.
Douglas MangwanyaNational Health Laboratory Services Directorate, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Zimbabwe.
Joan MaremboExpanded programme on Immunization Unit, Ministry of Health and Child Care, Zimbabwe.
Jason M MwendaWorld Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Congo.
Goitom WeldegebrielWorld Health Organization, Inter-Country Support Team Office, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Mapaseka SeheriSAMRC Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Virology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.
Jacqueline E TateCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Catherine YenCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Umesh ParasharCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Hilda MujuruDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health (University of Zimbabwe-College of Health Sciences), Zimbabwe.
Ministry of Health and Child Welfare · ZWUniversity of Zimbabwe · ZWCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USChitungwiza Municipality · ZWSouth African Medical Research Council · ZAWorld Health Organization Regional Office for Africa · CGWorld Health Organization - Zimbabwe · ZW

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSentinel surveillance for diarrhoea is important to monitor changes in rotavirus epidemiological trends and circulating genotypes among children under 5 years before and after vaccine introduction. The Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care introduced rotavirus vaccine in national immunization program in May 2014.

methodsActive hospital-based surveillance for diarrhoea was conducted at 3 sentinel sites from 2008 to 2016. Children aged less than 5 years, who presented with acute gastroenteritis as a primary illness and who were admitted to a hospital ward or treated at the emergency unit, were enrolled and had a stool specimen collected and tested for rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Genotyping of positive stools was performed using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and genotyping assays. Pre-vaccine introduction, 10% of all positive stool specimens were genotyped and all adequate positive stools were genotyped post-vaccine introduction.

resultsDuring the pre-vaccine period, a total of 6491 acute gastroenteritis stools were collected, of which 3016 (46%) tested positive for rotavirus and 312 (10%) of the rotavirus positive stools were genotyped. During the post-vaccine period, a total of 3750 acute gastroenteritis stools were collected, of which 937 (25%) tested positive for rotavirus and 784 (84%) were genotyped. During the pre-vaccine introduction the most frequent genotype was G9P[8] (21%) followed by G2P[4] (12%), G1P[8] (6%), G2P[6] (5%), G12P[6] (4%), G9P[6] (3%) and G8P[4] (3%). G1P[8] (30%) was most dominant two years after vaccine introduction followed by G9P[6] (20%), G2P[4] (15%), G9P[8] (11%) and G1P[6] (4%).

conclusionThe decline in positivity rate is an indication of early vaccine impact. Diversity of circulating strains underscores the importance of continued monitoring and strain surveillance after vaccine introduction.

Indexed as

GenotypeImmunization ProgramsAcute DiseaseChild, PreschoolDiarrheaFecesGastroenteritisHospitalizationHumansImmunoenzyme TechniquesInfantReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRotavirusRotavirus InfectionsRotavirus VaccinesSentinel SurveillanceRIX4414 vaccineRotavirus VaccinesVaccines, AttenuatedGenotypes vaccineRotavirusSurveillanceZimbabwe

Identifiers

PMID29628149
PMCPMC11974498
OpenAlexW2795766717

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.