ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2018
Sex and Racial Disparities in Cardiac Rehabilitation Referral at Hospital Discharge and Gaps in Long-Term Mortality.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with participation in cardiac rehabilitation in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical cardiology · 2023Pooled it
- Yoga-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Trial.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2020Trial
- Sex- and race/ethnic differences in short- and long-term mortality after hospitalization for incident acute myocardial infarction.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Patient Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Acute Myocardial Infarction Mortality: Between-Hospital Versus Within-Hospital Disparities.Medical care · 2026Article
- Heart Failure in Black Populations: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Disparities.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Review
- The Evolution of Cardiac Rehabilitation from Supervised Models to New Frontiers in Digital Health.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- How Sex and Race/Ethnicity Influence Interventional Cardiology Outcomes: What Do We Know?Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions · 2026Review
- Determinants of Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients: The Role of Sex.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Racial Differences in Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction: Findings From the ARIC Cohort.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Traditional and Virtual Cardiac Rehabilitation: Understanding the Changing Landscape of Cardiac Rehabilitation and the Implications on Patient Outcomes.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Investigating Disparities in Physical Therapy Utilization: An Intersectionality Perspective.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Article
- Cardiac Rehabilitation in the Modern Era: Evidence, Equity, and Evolving Delivery Models Across the Cardiovascular Spectrum.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Knowledge, attitude, and practice of cardiac rehabilitation referral among healthcare professionals in China: A mediation model.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Referral to Outpatient Heart Failure Management at Hospital Discharge: A Get With The Guidelines Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Exploring the Intersection of Cardiovascular Disease, Sex and Race and How Exercise, and Gut Microbiota Influence these Relationships.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Implementation of a Clinical Decision Support Tool to Improve Cardiac Rehabilitation Referral.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention · 2025Article
- Clinical Trial Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion: Roadmap of the Cardiothoracic Surgical Trials Network.The Annals of thoracic surgery · 2024Review
- Bridging the Gap: How Accounting for Social Determinants of Health Can Improve Digital Health Equity in Cardiovascular Medicine.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- Myocardial Infarction Quality of Care and Outcomes in Asian Ethnic Groups in the United States.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2024Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCardiac rehabilitation (CR) referral is recommended for eligible patients, regardless of sex or race. It is unclear whether inequality in CR referral practices was associated with patients' long-term survival. METHODS AND
resultsWe linked the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines Coronary Artery Disease registry with Medicare claims data for 48 993 coronary artery disease patients from 365 hospitals across the United States between 2003 and 2009. We used generalized estimation equations to estimate the association between CR referral and mortality accounting for clustering within hospitals. Between 2003 and 2009, only 40% of eligible patients received CR referrals. Females were 12% less likely to receive CR referral compared with males. Black, Hispanic, and Asian patients were 20%, 36%, and 50% less likely, respectively, to receive CR referral than white patients. CR referral was associated with 40% lower 3-year all-cause mortality. Women and minorities who received CR referral at hospital discharge had significantly lower mortality compared with those who did not (odds ratios=0.61 [95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.66] for women, 0.75 [95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.88] for black, 0.62 [95% confidence interval, 0.50-0.79] for Hispanic, and 0.63 [95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.85] for Asian patients). Seven percent of the black versus white mortality gap could potentially be reduced by equitable CR referral.
conclusionsCR referral rates at hospital discharge remained low. Gaps in receiving CR referral at hospital discharge were large for women and minorities, and the mortality gap could potentially be reduced through elimination of inequality in CR referral.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.