ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2018
Survival of the Enveloped Virus Phi6 in Droplets as a Function of Relative Humidity, Absolute Humidity, and Temperature.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
102 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 216 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis finds large variation but no general patterns in the relationship between climate and parasitism in terrestrial animals.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of emerging human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak: focus on disinfection methods, environmental survival, and control and prevention strategies.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- Climatic heterogeneity in meteorological associations with childhood acute respiratory symptoms across four South Asian countries.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- School district-wide renovations, indoor environmental quality, and illness absence.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Organic components modulate the morphology of respirable aerovirology-relevant aerosols.Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research · 2026Article
- Inactivation of airborne pathogen surrogates by triethylene glycol.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Organic Components Modulate the Morphology of Respirable Aerovirology-Relevant Aerosols.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Multimodal Structural Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variants: Spectroscopic and Computational Insights.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Optimization of An Enveloped Virus Surrogate, Bacteriophage Phi6, Recovery from Hands.Food and environmental virology · 2025Article
- Mucin Colocalizes with Influenza Virus and Preserves Infectivity in Deposited Model Respiratory Droplets.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- Causal inference concepts can guide research into the effects of climate on infectious diseases.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
- Temporal Shifts in Climate-Influenza Dynamics: A Multi-Subtype Analysis in Southern China Spanning the COVID-19 Era.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Persistence of Phi6, a SARS-CoV-2 surrogate, in simulated indoor environments: Effects of humidity and material properties.PloS one · 2025Article
- Methods to assess environmental surface disinfectants against viruses: the quest and recommendations for a globally harmonized approach to microbicide testing.Infection prevention in practice · 2024Review
- Cast Extruded Films Based on Polyhydroxyalkanoate/Poly(lactic acid) Blend with Herbal Extracts Hybridized with Zinc Oxide.Polymers · 2024Article
- Review of factors affecting virus inactivation in aerosols and droplets.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Review
- Dependence on relative humidity in the formation of reactive oxygen species in water droplets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Seasonal influenza viruses decay more rapidly at intermediate humidity in droplets containing saliva compared to respiratory mucus.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 and its surrogate, bacteriophage Phi6, on surfaces and in water.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by enveloped viruses, such as influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), cause thousands of deaths and billions of dollars of economic losses per year. Studies have found a relationship among temperature, humidity, and influenza virus incidence, transmission, or survival; however, there are contradictory claims about whether absolute humidity (AH) or relative humidity (RH) is most important in mediating virus infectivity. Using the enveloped bacteriophage Phi6, which has been suggested as a surrogate for influenza viruses and coronaviruses, we designed a study to discern whether AH, RH, or temperature is a better predictor of virus survival in droplets. Our results show that Phi6 survived best at high (>85%) and low (<60%) RHs, with a significant decrease in infectivity at mid-range RHs (∼60 to 85%). At an AH of less than 22 g · m
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.